Exosomes are defined as specialized membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles with a particle diameter size of 50–200 nm5. In terms of the specific biomarkers, exosomes are enriched in a group of conserved proteins, including the tetraspanin family (CD63, CD9, and CD81), the endosomal traffick...
Moreover, BsTE:T migration into tumors was significantly enhanced owing to the presence of PD-L1 in tumor cells and secretion of PD-L1-containing exosomes. Furthermore, increased infiltration of CD44highCD62Lloweffector memory CD8+T-cells into tumors was closely associated with the anti-tumor ...
Encouragingly, when the expression of HRS was disrupted by RNAi, the level of exosomal PD-L1 decreased significantly52. Taken together, the above evidence suggests that HRS may be targeted for both TDE and effective cargo inhibition. In MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, a portion of exosomes ...
Exosomal PD-L1 contributes to immunosuppression and is associated with anti-PD-1 response. Nature. 2018;560(7718):382–6. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Crow J, Samuel G, Godwin AK. Beyond tumor mutational burden: potential and limitations in using exosomes to predict ...
high-glucose sphingomyelin, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol [28]. The presence of programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) was found on exosomes isolated from the plasma of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its abundance was associated with PD-L1 positivity in tumor tissues...
resulting in its unique protein-lipid makeup. The enhanced release of exosomes from cancer cells is primarily associated with the overexpression of Rab3D, a member of the RAS oncogene family (Rab3D), activation of transduction pathways such as the Wnt pathway, and the presence of an acidic mic...
Interestingly, MHC molecules and some proteins thought to be canonical markers, such as flotillin 1 and 70 kDa heat shock protein, have been identified in almost all exosomes [9]. However, whether exosomes are involved in the antigen presentation of tumor cells needs to be explored. Exosomes...
Other markers such as PD-L1, MHC class II (HLA-DR), CD40, CD40L, CD54, 4-1BB, and CD70 were affected, but the difference was not significant using nonparametric tests (Figure 7). Nevertheless, 4-1BBL (p ≤ 0.05) was significantly upregulated by exosomes derived from LOAd703-infected...
the migration of GC cells (Fig.3a). The purified exosomes from the conditioned medium of M2 macrophages displayed the typical morphology and size of exosomes (Fig.3b) and contained CD63, CD9, CD81, TSG101, and ALIX, all of which are marks of exosomes (Fig.3c, Supplementary FigureS3b)....
Cancer associated-fibroblast-derived exosomes in cancer progression. Mol Cancer. 2021;20(1):154. PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Sutherland TE, Dyer DP, Allen JE. The extracellular matrix and the immune system: a mutually dependent relationship. Science. 2023;379(6633):eabp8964. CAS Pub...