Naïve CD4+T cells coordinate the immune response by acquiring an effector phenotype in response to cytokines. However, the cytokine responses in memory T cells remain largely understudied. Here we use quantitative proteomics, bulk RNA-seq, and single-cell RNA-seq of over 40,000 human naïve ...
Immune suppression by CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and tumor infiltration by CD8+ effector T cells represent two major factors impacting response to cancer immunotherapy. Using deconvolution-based transcriptional profiling of human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative oral squamous cell carcinomas (O...
Gram-negative pathogens utilize a series of intricate protein complexes, named secretion systems, to translocate various effectors across the bacterial membrane into the outer environment such as competitive bacteria and host cells1,2,3. The secreted effectors are indispensable virulence factors underlying ...
In nature, plants have evolved a myriad of preformed and induced defenses to protect themselves from microbes. Upon microbial infection, the recognition of the microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) triggers the first stage of defense response (Dodds...
binds to the (C/A)(G/C)(C/G)T(T/C)G(C/A)(T/C) motif in the proximal promoter ofBsr-d1. M. oryzaeMoSPAB1 is present in rice cytoplasm and nuclei To investigate whetherMoSPAB1is expressed inM. oryzae, we detectedMoSPAB1mRNA levels during development and at infection stage. The...
Fig. 1. The characteristic features of the putative candidate secretory effector proteins (CSEPs) in various plant fungal pathogens. The mRNA expression of the effectors in plants is generally highly stage-dependent and can fluctuate with the type of host genotype (Haueisen et al., 2017; Sanchez...
Although different mating types exist, the sexual stage has not been identified. m The pathogen penetrates through stomata and then grows in intercellular spaces. In the resistant host, CD around the site of penetration is associated with containment of the pathogen. In the susceptible host, there...
A murine model could prove valuable during this stage of hypothesis evaluation and would unfold as follows. Two mouse populations would be utilized: a first population of highly immunogenic Balb/c mice (Akhmetzyanova et al. 2016), and a second population of RAG-1 (Recombination-activating gene...
Cancer cell growth is associated with immune surveillance failure. Nowadays, restoring the desired immune response against cancer cells remains a major therapeutic strategy. Due to the recent advances in biological knowledge, efficient therapeutic tools
L. et al. Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 366, 2443–2454 (2012). CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Carbone, D. P. et al. First-line nivolumab in stage IV or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer. N. Engl. J...