to facilitate the formation of VM (Hess et al., 2003). Secondary to the non-apoptotic function of caspase in VM,Vartanian et al. (2007)suggested an apoptotic function in the early stage of the process (Vartanian
Erica Herzog and colleagues put forward the opinion that fibrocytes, a little-studied population of monocyte-derived cells that have properties of both macrophages and fibroblasts, have unique roles in chronic inflammation that warrant further study. Fib
Antigen (Ag) recognition during priming drives effector generation, but it is unclear how Ag recognition at the effector stage impacts T cell fate. Using an influenza infection model, we find that effector CD4 T cells must re-encounter Ag at the effector phase to avoid default apoptosis and ...
Reilkoff, R., Bucala, R. & Herzog, E. Fibrocytes: emerging effector cells in chronic inflammation.Nat Rev Immunol11
The CD8+ memory T cell population is heterogeneous, and it is unclear which subset(s) optimally mediate the central goal of the immune system—protection against infection. Here we investigate the protective capacities of CD8+ T cell subsets present at the memory stage of the immune response. ...
Our findings revealed an early acquisition of SLAMF7 during CD8 T cell differentiation, challenging the classification of some CD8 T cells as “senescent” based solely on CD27 or CD28 expression loss. To refine the characterization of early versus late stage CD8 T cell differentiation, we propose...
Persistence, which starts with a small subset of parasites that escape host immune killing and colonize the so-called immune privileged tissues where they differentiate into a low replicating stage, is driven by the interleukin 12 (IL-12)–interferon-γ (IFN-γ) axis. Recent characterization of ...
Results Peripheral immune atlas in patients with MS Blood samples were collected from 2 RRMS patients with relapse stage and 2 SPMS patients at progres- sive stage, respectively, and all patients did not receive DMT or steroids in the past 6 months (Fig. 1A, B). After removal of ...
A 58 years-old Male was diagnosed in December 1996 as follicular lymphoma grade II, stage IIIAb, FLIPI 2 with high tumor burden. He received mini-CHOP and interferon alfa followed by a partial response. His disease progressed in March 1998 and he was treated by three courses of DHAP and...
During the inflammation stage of wound healing, MMPs break down damaged ECM located at the edges of wounds. This enables new ECM molecules (such as, for example, collagen, elastin, and fibronectin) synthesized by cells located at or attracted to the wound site during the later stages of ...