Anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 family proteins, Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs), caspase inhibitors Bcl-2 expression in some cases Energy ATP-dependent ATP-independent Tissue response Restricted to individual cells Induced by physiological changes (e.g., Ca2+, free radicals, hormones, to...
The proteasome plays an important role in the regulation of a variety of signaling pathways and the degradation of proteins. The proliferation of myeloma cells is dependent on proteasome-regulated signaling pathways, and thus they are susceptible to PIs [118]. PIs can selectively bind to the activ...
(a) Creation of plasma for cells (b) Detoxification of poisons (c) Metabolism and movement of lipids (d) Synthesis of proteins and transports into membranes, organelles, or out of cells.Which of the following are considered the functional units of lymph nodes? (...
These effects are display as result of the inhibition of several enzymes, an anti-apoptotic activity and the impairment of the activity of cells of the immune system, such as microglial cells and T cells. Although a more complete understanding of the mechanisms involved these effects ...
BAG-family proteins regulate chaperone protein activities through their interaction with Hsc70/Hsp70. Over-expression of BAG-family proteins is found in several cancers and has been demonstrated in the laboratory to enhance cell survival and proliferation. The anti-apoptotic activities of BAG-family ...
apoptotic pathways takes place by aberrant splicing patterns in proteins such as the TP53 gene, which encodes the p53 tumor suppressor protein [67]. Certain splice variants of the BCL-X gene, a member of the BCL-2 family that regulates apoptosis, are involved in the evasion of apoptosis, ...
We propose coupling autophagy inhibition strategies with current cytotoxic chemotherapy and discuss synergistic combinations of available anti-leukemic therapies with autophagy inhibition. Furthermore, novel autophagy inhibitors are in development and promise to provide new therapeutic opportunities for patients ...
TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins consisting of several structural domains: 1) a leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) motif 2) a transmembrane domain 3) a cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain These receptors are found either on the plasma membrane or inside the cell associated with endosoma...
Apoptosis requires the participation of the pro-apoptotic family member Bax, whose activity is balanced by the anti-apoptotic family member Bcl21/Bcl-x. In addition, a loss of cell-cell contacts in vitro results in the apoptotic elimination of PGCs. It needs to be determined whether apoptosis ...
Uncoupling proteins (UCP) are members of the mitochondrial anion carrier family64, and five UCP homologs have been identified to date. UCP1, the first UCP identified and the most extensively studied member, is predominantly expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and allows an alternative route ...