The Unfolding Protein Response (UPR) located within the Endoplasmic Reticulum protects against the pathological effects of abnormal proteins made in neurodegenerative diseases by activating three main stress sensors that are responsible for the refolding and/or degradation of proteins and apoptosis. ...
Stem cells have a unique feature that reduces the likelihood of rejection by the recipient’s immune system. They are able to evade immune detection and avoid attacks by the recipient’s immune system. Stem cells have a low level of expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules,...
gondii are crucial for the infection of animal and human hosts. Its proteins are tagged with carbohydrates to stabilize and transport them, critical to completing the T. gondii life cycle. Carbohydrate antigens are recognized by the host’s immune system, eliciting carbohydrate-specific antibodies, ...
proteins through protein-protein interaction of death folds (a tertiary structure motif). Executioner caspases carry out the mass proteolysis that leads to apoptosis. These caspases can cleave a wide range of target proteins leading to apoptosis. Caspase-activated DNase (CAD/DFF40) is the main ...
What group of proteins are involved in the body defenses like the immune systems?What does the immune system consist of?What are the three major Antigen Presenting cells and how they present?Fill in the blank. The total strength of the interaction of an antibody to two identical antigens is...
Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that can lead to cancer if they are mutated or expressed at abnormally high levels. The main...
It is also necessary for several types of proteins to do their jobs. Those jobs are incredibly important for cellular health and maintenance. Taken together, the dual roles of NAD+ in energy creation and cellular health and maintenance are absolutely critical to cellular function and therefore ...
(2012) clearly demonstrated that PGRP-LB is secreted by the bacteriome and the milk gland, one remaining question is whether its antibacterial activity could act on the symbiont present inside this organ (for example if some proteins remained inside the bacteriocytes), or mainly function on ...
Explain how the Bcl-2, Bax and Bid proteins interact to result in apoptosis. What are the roles of cyclins, and (de)phosphorylated CdKs in the cell cycle control system? Describe the outcome of a cytoplasmic response in cell signaling. Briefly ...
What cells have MHC-II receptor proteins? What is the cellular mechanisms for the sympathetic drive to increase heart rate? Which type of cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide? What are cuboidal cells? What are myoepithelial cells? What type of cell signaling is used by neurotransmitters?