Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of 22 proteins and 4 FGF receptors (FGFRs) that are crucial elements for normal development. The contribution of different FGFs and FGFRs for the homeostasis or disease of the cartilage from the mandibular condyle is unknown. Therefore, our goal ...
The three HH proteins present in mammals, Sonic (SHH), Indian (IHH) and Desert (DHH), are ligands of Patched receptors (PTCH1 and PTCH2). Ligand-free PTCH inhibits the activation of Smoothened (SMO) and Gli family zinc finger proteins (GLI1, GLI2 and GLI3) are proteosomically ...
And while GFRα1 could bind GDNF, it was not expected to signal due to its lack of an intracellular 72 Cell Tissue Res (2020) 382:71–82 domain. This notion required strict co-expression of the two receptors in the same cell for a functional complex to be assem- bled, and, indeed,...
The small molecule thyroid hormone receptor on the integrin also regulates activity of five vascular growth factor receptors and/or their ligands, providing control of angiogenesis via specific pharmacologic regulation of this thyroid hormone receptor. The resveratrol receptor induces programmed cancer cell ...
testis; Leydig cells; estrogens; G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER); peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs); GPER agonist/antagonist; PPAR antagonists1. Introduction Estrogens play an important role in the regulation of normal physiological conditions and pathological processes in many...