Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of 22 proteins and 4 FGF receptors (FGFRs) that are crucial elements for normal development. The contribution of different FGFs and FGFRs for the homeostasis or disease of the cartilage from the mandibular condyle is unknown. T...
The three HH proteins present in mammals, Sonic (SHH), Indian (IHH) and Desert (DHH), are ligands of Patched receptors (PTCH1 and PTCH2). Ligand-free PTCH inhibits the activation of Smoothened (SMO) and Gli family zinc finger proteins (GLI1, GLI2 and GLI3) are proteosomically ...
To determine whether other microglial stimuli produce the same effect, we treated cultures of en- riched neonatal microglia with Toll-like receptor ligands LPS, PGN, Poly I:C, activators of Toll-like receptors 4, 2 and 3 respectively and used as mimics of the innate immune re- sponse to ...
This miRNA is also known as a tumor suppressor, as it is negatively correlated with different kinds of cancer, targeting IGF-1R, genes that are involved in the EMT, as well as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), which plays a role in differentiation and proliferation [72]. Another miRNA ...