Cellular responses depend on the interactions of extracellular ligands, such as nutrients, growth factors, or drugs, with specific cell-surface receptors. The sensitivity of these interactions to non-physiological conditions, however, makes them challenging to study using in vitro assays. Here we prese...
The neurotrophins (NTs), which include nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT-3, NT-4, and NT-6, play a major role in neuronal survival. NTs are unique in that they use 2 different classes of receptors: the TRK (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptor prote...
Cytokine-induced signal transduction is executed by natural biological switches, which among many others control immune-related processes. Here, we show that synthetic cytokine receptors (SyCyRs) can induce cytokine signaling using non-physiological liga
Nine caveolin-derived peptides that correspond to regions of the cytoplasmic amino-terminal domain of caveolin were used to as receptors to capture these ligands (Fig. 3A). All phage clones tested only interacted with the peptide that corresponds to the caveolin-scaffolding domain (residues 82-101...
A variety of BBB-associated molecules have been identified including transporters and receptors of metabolites (such as those for amino acids, glucose and LDL), ion channels, a BBB-specific Na+—K+ ATPase, membrane-associated enzymes and surface antigens of unknown role identified by monoclonal ...
For various ligands, illustrative receptors forming the other half of a ligand-receptor pair include antibodies, enzymes, lectins, Fab fragments, and the like. Commonly, the receptor will be an antibody and the analyte or analyte derivative will act as an antigen or hapten. As used herein, "...
Figure 1. Endogenous ligands for melanocortin receptors. (A) Schematic diagram of POMC and sequences of four agonists; (B) sequences of two antagonists. The HFRW motif is shown in blue. The RFF motif is highlighted in red. Table 1. Pharmacological properties of endogenous ligands at human...
On the other hand, genes known to be involved in EMT processes, such as the tumor growth factors beta 1 (TGFB1), 2 (TGFB2), and 3 (TGFB3); their receptors, type 1 (TGFBR1), 2 (TGFBR2) and 3 (TGFBR3); the CD44 antigen (CD44) gene; the collagen type V alpha 1 chain (COL...
Four-compartment model of avid bivalent antibody binding to two different membrane receptors Bispecific Anti-Receptor x Anti-Ligand with Membrane Ligand x Receptor Competitor with Avidity (4-Compartment) Four-compartment model of avid bivalent antibody binding to soluble ligand and membrane receptor wi...
sample is deposited on the membrane (A) and migrates according to a timed program through the various membranes to reach the bottom membrane (D) and there to disclose a possible signal if the reaction is positive: Taking the example of an assay of INTERLEUKIN-2: diagram for the abstract. ...