Hedgehog (Hh) signaling relies on the primary cilium, a cell surface organelle that serves as a signaling hub for the cell. Using proximity labeling and quantitative proteomics, we identify Numb as a ciliary protein that positively regulates Hh signaling
Surface levels of AMPAR increased even during inhibited protein synthesis. Interestingly, recycling of transferrin was also accelerated during LTP. EHD has also been demonstrated to be required for synaptic vesicle formation and dynamin function in lamprey [87]. All together, these results show that ...
RNA isolation and qRT-PCR analysis. Total RNA was isolated from 100 mg maize tissues using TRIzol reagent according to the manufacturer's instructions (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). For cDNA synthesis, we used 2 μg of total RNA as a template and the SuperQuickRT MasterMix ...
Ectopic expression of each human EHD protein in C. elegans rme-1 mutants rescued the basolateral recycling defect indicating a basic functional similarity of human EHD proteins and RME-1 [7]. However, the presence of four EHD proteins in mammals suggests tissue-specific and/or non-redundant ...
(Gene ID: 110697999). Then we normalized and compared the real-time PCR results with that of RNA-Seq data. We found the gene expression levels measured by real-time PCR were highly consistent with that obtained from RNA-Seq analysis (Fig.8), suggesting the high quality of the transcriptome...
In addition to the production of type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines, cells have evolved other RNA-triggered defense mechanisms against viral infections. For instance, protein kinase R (PKR) is activated following binding of viral RNA and can induce translation arrest by phosphorylation of the ...
Based on 337 independently-derived binding sites for nine of the standard protein amino acids, potentially single-ended RNA sites have KD from 110.3−.2AtoSu10bs−t3anMti/al∆lyGSbiinndgl−e-E2.n8dteod −Ex4akmcpalle/Smitoel,.IsTohleeumcinoere(Iilne)timately engaged amino acids,...
Relative quantification of messenger RNA (mRNA) was assessed by RT-PCR. Quantification was performed using the ∆∆ cycle threshold (∆∆Ct) method. The housekeeping gene Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) and ribosomal protein L13a (RPL13a) were used for internal normalization....
growth factor (CTGF), Resistin-like protein α (Fizz1), Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHCII), Chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Macrophages pro-inflammatory (M1), Methyl-CpG-binding domain 2 (MBD2), and Small interfering RNA (siRNA)...
Also the drug-induced translocation of the nucleolar RNA helicase/GFP fusion protein from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm can be useful in determining the efficacy of cytotoxic agents (Valdez et al. 1998). Another GFP-based detection of programmed cell death (apoptosis) was described by Xu et ...