Lawley, P. D. : Mechanism of action of alkylating agents: comparison with other cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic agents. In: Molekulare Biologie des malignen Wachstums, p. 126–141. See also Diskussion ibid., p. 150–155. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1966....
Exogenous alkylating agents, found in sources like tobacco smoke and industrial activities, react with DNA and can cause mutagenic and carcinogenic changes. They primarily target the nitrogenous bases in DNA. Examples of alkylating agents include sulfur and nitrogen mustards. Aromatic amines, found in ...
Alkylating agents are common reactive chemicals in the environment (e.g. tobacco smoke)1–3 and in cells (e.g. S-adenosylmethionine) that can modify the structures of biological macromolecules by transferring alkyl carbon groups4. DNA bases can be alkylated at the ring nitrogen and extracyclic ...
T. Chloroacetaldehyde induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli: specificity of mutations and modulation by induction of the adaptive response to alkylating agents. Mutagenesis 8, 341–348 (1993). 28. Zeiger, E., Gollapudi, B. & Spencer, P. Genetic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of ...
The sulphur and nitrogen mustards are strong alkylating agents, which induces inflammations of the skin including blistering right up to ulcerations. Depending on the severity, the wounds may need weeks to heal. In the past it was shown that sulphur mustard has a destructive effect on endothel...
Resistance to these alkylating agents has been shown to be associated with increased activity of the glutathione S -transferase group of enzymes, and with elevated levels of glutathione, the cosubstrate of the enzyme. The resistant cell line shows lower levels of cellular damage, as measured by ...
The exact mechanism of ifosfamide has not been determined, but appears to be similar to other alkylating agents. Ifosfamide requires biotransformation in the liver by mixed-function oxidases (cytochrome P450 system) before it becomes active. After metabolic activation, active metabolites of ifosfamide ...
Figure 1. Properties of Melphalan Mechanism of Action Melphalan can act either as monofunctional (one alkylating moiety) or bifunctional (two alkylating moieties). Bifunctional melphalan has the capacity to crosslink both interstrand and intrastrand in DNA. After administration, alkylating agents get con...
There are several types of alkylating agents used in chemotherapy treatments: Mustard gas derivatives: Mechlorethamine, Cyclophosphamide, Chlorambucil, Melphalan, and Ifosfamide. Ethylenimines: Thiotepa and Hexamethylmelamine. Alkylsulfonates: Busulfan. ...
The mutagenic effects of several ethylating and methylating agents were assessed in Encherichia coli strains that are defective in the adaptive response to alkylating agents. These mutants were either deficient in the response or expressed it constitutively. When expressed, the repair pathway removed ...