[148]. Rab7 also regulates the retrograde/MTminus-end-directed transport through the proteins RILP (Rab7-interacting lysosomal protein[149]) and ORPL1 (oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 1 L[150]). The latter protein interacts with AP membrane-bound cholesterol, and in so doing it ...
3i, j). Expectedly, the frequency and the number of pre-HSC IIminus (pre-HSC II without pre-HSC IIplus, representing mature hematopoietic cells) was decreased more dramatically (Supplementary Fig. 3o), demonstrating that Atg5 deletion promotes pre-HSC emergence and blocks their maturation. ...
of SIN minus-strand RNA levels (s) and HSV-1 immediate early gene ICP27 mRNA levels (t) of triplicate samples at indicated time point, respectively. u, v, Quantitative real-time PCR analyses of relative mRNA levels of interferon beta (IFN-β; u) and the interferon-stimulated gene (ISG)...
Over recent years, accumulated evidence suggests that autophagy induction is protective in animal models of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Intense research in the field has elucidated different pathways through which autophagy can be upregulated
As quantified by western blots, autophagic flux was defined as the quantity of LC3b-II or p62 (expressed as ng, pmol, or normalized values) in the leupeptin treated sample minus the average quantity in the sham treated samples (Haspel et al., 2011). Although other groups adopt the practice...
The number of RGCs was calculated by subtracting from the amount of γ-Synuclein positive cells minus the displaced amacrine double stained γ-Synuclein and Calbindin cells. The control eyes are represented as baseline value, n = 4 animals per group. #p < 0.01 in comparison to the ...
We used Maxima H Minus cDNA synthesis Master Mix (ThermoFisher Scientific, TERM1662) to generate cDNAs from RNAs and SYBR Green Master Mix (ThermoFisher Scientific, A46113) for qPCR reaction following the manufacturer’s protocols. Total cDNA of 10 ng was used for each reaction in 96-well...
The coordinates relative to bregma were, anteroposterior: −6.30 mm, −7.80 mm; lateral, ±1.50 mm; dorsoventral, −1.50 mm (minus indicates a position posterior to bregma). Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) For the merging of confocal fluorescence microscopy ...
Band intensity was determined by densitometry with NIH Image J software (v1.48h3) using mean gray value minus background. In some experiments, cells were treated with bafilomycin A1 (50 nM, #S1413, SellectChem) at 37 °C prior to lysis. 2.7. Immunoprecipitation For immunoprecipitation, ...
8A; compare lane 6 minus lane 5 versus lane 2 minus lane 1), statistical significance was not obtained (Fig. 8B). Similar experiments were performed in MEFs. Consistently, we observed that lack of endophilin B2 expression significantly suppressed starvation-induced autophagic flux (Fig. 8, C ...