In simple terms, T24 and EJ cells were lysed in RIP lysates and incubated with magnetic beads containing antibodies specifically recognizing VCP proteins. IgG was used as a negative control. RNA samples bound to the magnetic beads were eluted as RT templates, and the relative content of circHIP...
Here, we provide a detailed description of a simple assay for quantitatively monitoring glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in cultured cancer cells that mount an adaptive autophagic response to stress. In this setting, flux analysis is employed to measure extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) as...
A quantitative assessment of autophagy activity can be obtained by counting the number of GFP-ATG8-labeled autophagosomes in each microscopy frame and calculating their average number across all images for a given genotype or treatment. The average number of autophagosomes in each image indicates the...
In addition to stimulating autophagy, using intermittent fasting strategies can boost the immune system, improve genetic repair mechanisms, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. For anyone new to fasting, start with a simple fast of 12-14 hours for 1-2 weeks and ...
In terms of intracellular proteins, pioneering work by R. Schoenheimer presented an important concept, that of "protein turnover" in the body [1]. His prescient studies Correspondence: Yoshinori Ohsumi E-mail: yohsumi@iri.titech.ac.jp using isotopic labeling of proteins were unconventional at ...
In mammalian cells, a well-studied ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy pathway induced by mitochondrial depolarization is regulated by the mitochondrial protein kinase PINK1, which upon activation recruits the ubiquitin ligase parkin. Here, we review mechanisms of mitophagy with an emphasis on posttranslational ...
The Science: Autophagy What is it? Autophagy is the removal of damaged components within the cell to maintain and improve health. How does it work? Autophagy creates autophagosomes that capture and degrade damaged cellular components. Why is it important?
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. It doesn’t have to be this way and you certainly don’t have to become part of the statistics. You can support your heart health naturally through a healthy diet and lifestyle and some simple strategies. Follow my...
Our understanding of the process of autophagy and its role in health and diseases has grown remarkably in the last two decades. Early work established auto
A number of crop wild relatives can tolerate extreme stress to a degree outside the range observed in their domesticated relatives. However, it is unclear whether or how the molecular mechanisms employed by these species can be translated to domesticated crops. Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) is a ...