Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for precise tumor targeting are no longer a challenge[1], [2]. Researchers have now developed immune-stimulating antibody conjugates (ISACs) based on the ADC design concept. ISAC is specifically engineered for the covalent attachment of an immune agonist to a tumor...
In one study, microarray profiling demonstrates that while DEX can decrease human monocyte expression of many anti-inflammatory genes, it simultaneously increases the expression of a number of proinflammatory chemokines, complement proteins, and cytokines (Galon et al., 2002). An essential component of...
To express all its genes, HIV produces a large number of differentially spliced transcripts collectively termed “cell-associated (CA) HIV RNA” [1,2]. In HIV-infected individuals, especially those on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), CA HIV RNA is an important surrogate marker of the v...
Monocyte chemotactic protein- 1; MIP-1b, Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta; NGF, Nerve growth factor; OOR, Out of range; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; TMP, Thirumoolar pranayamam; TNFα, Tumor necrosis factor alpha; YB, Yogic breathing * Correspondence: balasubr@musc.edu 3Depar...
and a substantial degree of reservoir depletion would likely be necessary for achieving a state of prolonged ART-free HIV remission, otherwise termed “functional cure” [13]. Depleting the reservoir is therefore the principal goal of HIV curative strategies, of which the so-called “shock-and-ki...
(a) Monoclonalization (b) Immune deficiency (c) Passive immunization (d) Autoimmune response. Immune System: The immune system is one of the different body systems that comprise an organism. The immune system is comprised...
5.1. Glioma Cells Actively Recruit GAMs and Induce a M2-Like Polarization One of the most important chemoattractants known to recruit GAMs is the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (alternative name: C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2)), which is secreted by astrocytoma and glioblastoma cells in...