What is bacterial lysis? How does coagulase enhance the virulence of an organism? Why is virulence so variable? How might a bacteriophage affect the virulence of a bacterium? What is the evolutionary trade off between virulence and transmission?
Describe what a plasmid is.Bacterial DNA:Bacteria, like all prokaryotes, store their genetic information in a single circular chromosome, or DNA molecule. However, bacteria can also have extrachromosomal DNA, or small fragments of DNA that exist separately from their chromosome....
Transformation is the uptake of foreign DNA from the environment, such as plasmid DNA, typically by bacterial cells. Plasmid transformation is the transfer of plasmid DNA between organisms. Naturally occurring plasmids often confer benefits to the bacterial host, such as antibiotic-resistance or virulen...
Sex pili helps in bacterial DNA transfer during bacterial conjugation 3. Capsule It is a viscous outermost layer surrounding the cell wall. It is composed of either polysaccharides or polypeptides of both (~2%) and water (~98%). They are present only in some species of bacteria. The capsule...
Plasmid A plasmid is a ring-shaped piece of DNA that is found within bacterial cells. Plasmids replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA found in the nucleoid but are always copied into next generation cells. Plasmids often contain genes that give bacteria genetic advantages such as antibiotic...
In many bacterial cells small round DNA is outside around genomic DNA is located. It is called plasmid.
What is bacterial vaginosis? Antibiotic resistance This colorized image (a scanning-electron micrograph) shows four spherical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria (purple) in the process of being “ingested” by a human neutrophil white blood cell (blue). (Image credit: Calli...
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is a clean and necessary process for the development and maintenance of healthy human tissues, distinguishing it from necrosis, which causes inflammation and damage. Apoptosis plays a crucial role in human development, such as the separation of fingers...
Plasmid Exists independently of the bacterial chromosome. The pBR322 plasmid is commonly used in molecular biology labs. 10 Cosmid Combine features of plasmids and bacteriophages. Cosmids are used to clone DNA sequences larger than those typically accommodated by plasmids. 15 Plasmid Used as vectors...
Plasmid DNA receptorsThe primary function of DNA vaccines, a bacterial plasmid DNA containing a construct for a given protective antigen, is to establish specific and long-lasting protective immunity against diseases where conventional vaccines fail to induce protection. It is acknowledged that less ...