Replication proceeds stepwise from origin to terminus, doubling copy number as it does (steps 1 to 2). At high replication rates, a second round of replication will initiate before the first has finished (step 3). When one round of replication reaches the terminus, that round finishes and ...
Communications Biology volume 4, Article number: 661 (2021) Cite this article 38k Accesses 32 Altmetric Metrics details Abstract Detecting changes in the activity of a transcription factor (TF) in response to a perturbation provides insights into the underlying cellular process. Transcription Factor ...
Nuclear run-on transcription assays allow researchers to determine if a gene is regulated at the transcriptional level. Existing methods to perform this procedure involve the application of a large variety of biochemical reagents, numerous steps, and time-consuming procedures. Here we report a method...
NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) domain proteins are plant-specific transcriptional factors known to play diverse roles in various plant developmental processes. NAC transcription factors comprise of a large gene family represented by more than 100 members in
(activators). The GTFs combine with RNA polymerase to form a preinitiation complex that is competent to initiate transcription. Although the general transcription factors can support only a basal level of transcription in the absence of activators, the preinitiation complex is the most importa...
In this way, the effect of a polymorphism can be determined by comparing the level of transcription between alleles. For example, Herrington et al. (2002) compared the level of transcription activity driven by either allele of the ESR1 SNP rs2234693, the “PvuII” polymorphism; see Fig. 2,...
steps of second-generation sequencing technologies [6,7]. It is apparent that single-molecule long reads that capture the entire RNA molecule can offer a better understanding of the rich patterns of alternative transcription initiation and mRNA processing events and, hence, the underlying biology. ...
7c,d). Notably, CSB loss did not delay DPC resolution at a global level (Extended Data Fig. 7d), implying that CSB may rather function in DPC repair at specific—presumably transcriptionally active—loci. To test this, we developed a DPC-sequencing (DPC-seq) approach, enabling genome-wide...
(Fig.3b) by sequentially studying multiple steps down the TGFß pathway, anticipating a cluster-specific regulatory influence of RARα. We depleted RARα using siRNA, in the cell lines with the highest and lowest RARα PPR scores, followed by IL-1 stimulation. RT-qPCR showed that RARα ...
With the advent of modern molecular biology, measuring mRNA levels in cells became a regular test to address whether genes are regulated at the transcriptional level. For genes involved in the cell cycle, understanding gene regulation at the transcriptional level requires measuring mRNA abundance over...