in practice a reader continually shifts from one focus to another, now adopting a top-down approach to predict the probable meaning, then moving to the bottom-up approach to check whether that is really what the writer...
in practice a reader continually shifts from one focus to another, now adopting a top-down approach to predict the probable meaning, then moving to the bottom-up approach to check whether that is really what the writer says. This has become known asinteractive ...
Unlike a top-down teaching approach, which takes a macro view of a subject first, a bottom-up teaching approach begins with the component parts of a subject, and gradually builds up to the whole. For example, in an ESL class, a bottom-up approach would begin with things such...
Each approach can be quite simple—the top-down approach goes from the general to the specific, and the bottom-up approach begins at the specific and moves to the general. These methods are possible approaches for a wide range of endeavors, such as goal setting,budgeting, and forecasting. In...
Top-downandBottom-upapproachestoteachinglisteningwhenwhichapproachmay 系统标签: listeningteachingiisteningapproachapproachesuseful 串。2害。 ‘‘To p-d own,,a nd‘‘B otto m-u p,, approaC neS t0 teac hlng¨Ste nina, ■■'一'一, when and wh ich approach may be more usefu l? 张颖 (南昌...
Zhang Li;Sheng Yue Shanghai Jiaotong University Wuxi University of Light Industry.FROM A COMPARISON OF "TOP-DOWN" AND "BOTTOM-UP" APPROACHES TO THE APPLICATION OF THE "INTERACTIVE" APPROACH[J]. Teaching English in China.2001(01)Zhang,L.,Sheng,Y.From A Comparison of"Top-Down" and "Bottom...
Top-down approach 和bottom—up. 两种教学法,对于同一个水平的接受者都是有可能适用的。主要看阅读及学习材料的难度。 传统的语言构建方法都是bottom up教学法, 即先从小的单位入手,从音素到词根到单词到基本句构建再到长句和复合句, 最后到语篇,此谓从局部到整体。Top-down的教学法则另辟蹊径高屋建瓴,反向...
The purposes of this study are to determine: (1) the effectiveness of the bottom-up and top-down approaches in students' reading comprehension of narrative texts; and (2) the more effective approach of bottom-up and top-down ... RRVK Ardhani 被引量: 0发表: 2012年 Distributed ad hoc ne...
2Bottom-up Teaching Unlike a top-down teaching approach, which takes a macro view of a subject first, a bottom-up teaching approach begins with the component parts of a subject, and gradually builds up to the whole. For example, in an ESL class, a bottom-up approach would begin with th...
2) bottom up 自下而上阅读法 1. , bottom up and top down, will enable students to have a full understan. 本文初步探讨了如何将图式知识理论运用到大学综合英语课教学之中 ,指出 :在大学综合英语课教学中设法启动学生已有的图式知识和为学生创造新的图式知识是综合英语课成功的关键所在 ;在具体操作...