这在当时是很让人困惑的,因为大家都觉得pro-inflammatory cytokines是有炎症存在,才会暂时性表达的。最后一路溯源,发现了TNF其实是所有的源头,因此TNF的研究从80s开始就热起来,TNF也被称为the apex of a pro-inflammatory cytokine cascade。TNF的抗体药物早在1980s就问世,在1990s期间参与临床试验(low dose methotrexat...
[9] Leon LR. Invited review: cytokine regulation of fever: studies using gene knockout mice[J]. J Appl Physiol, 2002, 92(6): 2648-2655. DOI:10.1152/ japplphysiol.01005.2001. [10] Schett G, Dayer JM, Manger B. ...
摘要 The endothelium is a major target of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Exposure of endothelial cells (EC) to proinflammatory stimuli leads to an increase in mitochondrial metabolism; however, the function and regulation of elevated mitochondrial metabolism in EC i...
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions, and biologics that neutralize TNF are among the most successful drugs for the treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. In recent years, it became clear that TNF drives inflammatory responses not only dir...
TNF alpha is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophage and bind to its receptors, TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. TNF alpha is involved in the regulation of immune cells, cell prolif...
TNF alpha is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophage and bind to its receptors, TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. TNF alpha is involved in the regulation of immune cells, ...
Interestingly, TNFα was the highest detected cytokine (100 ng–1 µg/ml) after stimulation with DNA in macrophages (Fig. 4A). Figure 4 IFNβ and TNFα, secreted from macrophages in response to DNA, cause RPE barrier function loss. (A) Quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted...
(n = 5 healthy and 4 RA). e, TNF as the predominant cytokine expressed by activated naive CD4+T cells. Transcripts for T cell effector cytokines in activated naive CD4+T cells are quantified by qPCR (n = 3). f, ...
TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine that exerts homeostatic and pathogenic bioactivities A new concept in therapeutics of TNF-mediated diseases is the selective inhibition of the pathogenic effects of TNF with preservation of its homeostatic functions TNF-induced necroptosis is a new pathway potentially implicat...
Cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated macrophage polarization is important for inflammatory disease pathogenesis, but the mechanisms regulating polarization are not clear. We performed transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis of the TNF response in primary human macrophages and revealed late-phase ...