Homeostatic regulation of the HPA axis is complex and involves coordination of multiple systems of the body, in part mediated by the bi-directional communication network between the brain, endocrine and immune systems. Health and integrity of the individual relies on the appropriate integration of ...
The implications of these findings for models of pathophysiology are discussed. Future efforts should focus on further integrating the current and emerging research findings into a coherent pathophysiological model that generates testable hypotheses. 展开 关键词: bipolar disorder cognition dopamine HPA axis ...
The pathophysiology of the disease has not been fully explained yet, but there are several possible mechanisms, including altered serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic systems, increased inflammation, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis abnormalities, vascular changes, and ...
.hStatistical analysis of the numbers of ILC2s in the lungs (ILC2s, FVD-CD45.2+LIN-CD90.2+CD127+ST2+) (n = 3, 3, 7, 8 from left to right).iFlow cytometry plots for IL-5 and IL-13 in lung ILC2s stimulated with PMA plus ionomycin and BFA for 4 h.jFlow cytometric anal...
A general characteristic of fetal endocrine maturation across different species is the enhanced activity of the fetal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis during late gestation. Precocious activation of this axis may occur when the fetus is exposed to an adverse intra-uterine environment, such ...
HPA Axis Reactivity: A Mechanism Underlying the Associations Among 5-HTTLPR, Stress, and Depression Recent evidence indicates that individuals who are homozygous for the short ( s) allele in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene have highe... IH Gotlib,J Joormann,KL Minor,......
(PVN), which promote the release of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary to induce the adrenal glands to produce glucocorticoids. This stress-induced activation of the HPA axis is superimposed on a baseline circadian release of glucocorticoids that is ultimately regulated by signals ...
The glucocorticoids, cortisol and/or corticosterone depending on the species, are steroid hormones produced by cells in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex under the influence of the hypothalamo-pituitary complex (Fig. 1). In normal circumstances their serum concentrations are maintained within ...
Region-specific changes in CRH, CRH-R1, GR and TH-ir persist 30 day post ischemia.CRHR1 activation plays a role in enhanced CORT secretion post ischemia.HPA axis sensitization is observed following restraint stress 27-day post ischemia.CRH-R1 blockade prior ischemia normalizes basal and stress-...
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