Fulford AJ, Harbuz MS (2005) An introduction to the HPA axis. In: Steckler T, Kalin NH, Reul JMHM (Ed.). Handbook of stress and the brain. Part 1. P43-61. Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V.Fulford AJ, Harbuz MS. An introduction to the HPA axis. In: Hand- book of Stress and the ...
Dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)-axis has been observed in chronic alcoholics and in non-alcoholic sons of alcoholic parents, while genetic and environmental factors, such as stress, may play a significant role in the development of alcoholism. The present study was designed...
This process of adaptation is known as "allostasis", meaning "achieving stability through change". Many systems of the body show allostasis, including the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and they help to re-establish or maintain homeostasis through adaptation. ...
As all this has been going on the hypothalamus has also set in motion theHPA axis. The hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands. This time the outermost layer of the adrenal gland is employed. As the boost of adrenaline (epinephrine) begins to lessen, the HPA axis releases a series of ...
In addition to the de novo synthesis of cortisol by the peripheral HPA axis in the skin, it has been reported that 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), which converts inactive cortisone into active cortisol, is present in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen of keratinocytes12. ...
Anxiety-like behaviors were measured using the elevated plus maze, which consists of two arms: closed and open. TH Cre hM3Dq rats were placed in the middle of the maze and allowed to freely explore both arms for 5 min. Test sessions were video recorded. Time spent in each arm was sc...
HPA Axis Reactivity: A Mechanism Underlying the Associations Among 5-HTTLPR, Stress, and Depression Recent evidence indicates that individuals who are homozygous for the short ( s) allele in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene have highe... IH Gotlib,J Joormann,KL Minor,......
Seizure-induced activation of the HPA axis results in future seizure susceptibility which can be blocked by treatment with an NKCC1 inhibitor, bumetanide, or blocking the CRH signaling with Antalarmin. These data suggest that compromised GABAergic control of CRH neurons following an initial seizure ...
In contrast, chronic alcohol use leads to dysregulation of the HPA axis and a sustained elevation of plasma cortisol30. Cortisol causes multiple cellular effects in different tissues by binding to a ubiquitously distributed intracellular glucocorticoid receptor (GR)31. Many studies have addressed the ...
MR regulates genes involved in HPA axis activity during development To determine the possible mechanisms behind the altered cortisol profile, we measured the transcript abundance of key HPI axis genes. There were distinct changes in the transcript abundances of key genes in response to either GR or...