they sorted EpCAM+ cells, which contain Lgr5+ ISCs and cultured them with DQovalbumin. Compared to EpCAM+ GFP cells, co-culture with Lgr5-GFP+ ISCs or DCs caused substantially higher OTII activation by IL-2 secretion. They showed that Lgr5+ ISCs activate Th cells in...
Finally, the VSG peptide specificity of these T cells was defined to elucidate whether VSG-specific Th cells recognized limited regions of the VSG. We determined that dendritic cells from relatively resistant animals undergo maturation and can activate Th cells at a specific time during early ...
signature cytokine, Th1 cells selectively produce large amounts of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Th2 cells selectively produce IL-4,and Th17 express high levels of IL-17A. Through secretion of IFN-γ and other effector molecules, Th1 cells activatemacrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and CD8...
a phenomenon that may be due to cell recruitment to ischemic cardiac tissue, which was most evident in patients with microvascular obstruction on cardiac MI/R injury [26]. CD8+ T cells can amplify inflammation by direct cytotoxicity to healthy cardiomyocytes, activate macrophage-mediated clearance of...
Th1 cells have been observed to have an anti-infectious role in TB57. Th1-mediated host immunity inhibits further multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) via the secretion of IFN-γ and other Th1 cytokines, which activate macrophages, promote phagosome maturation to stimulate phagocytosis, ...
It is demonstrated that Th2 cells promote tumor growth by affecting T cell infiltration [58]. Our data validated that targeting Th2-mediated immunity by IPD could significantly activate the host immune response and inhibit tumor growth in breast cancer. IPD could remarkably increase the infiltration...
Differentiated T helper (Th) cell lineages are thought to emerge from alternative cell fate decisions. However, recent studies indicated that differentiated Th cells can adopt mixed phenotypes during secondary immunological challenges. Here we show that
Methods for inducing a population of T cells to proliferate by activating the population of T cells and stimulating an accessory molecule on the surface of the T cells with a ligand which binds the accessory molecule are described. T cell proliferation occurs in the absence of exogenous growth ...
IL-12 responsiveness and the ability of IL-12 to activate STAT4 is different in T cells induced to differentiate into a Th1 or Th2 phenotype. In this report, we show that STAT5, STAT1alpha, and STAT1beta, in addition to STAT4, are tyrosine phosphorylated in response to IL-12 in ...
Type 1 T helper (Th1) cells produce interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-β, which activate macrophages and are responsible for cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte-dependent protective responses. By contrast, type 2 Th (Th2) cells produce IL-4, IL-5, IL...