The gating strategy for Tfh cells and subsets is shown in Figure 2A. With regard to the Tfh cell and subset proportions, both pre-frail (P<0.05) and frail participants (P<0.05) showed significantly lower levels of Tfh cells than non-frail participants (Figure 2B), while Tfh2 cells were ...
Circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells have been identified as counterparts of germinal center Tfh (GC Tfh) cells in humans and can support T-dependent B cell maturation and antibody productionin vitro. However, the role of cTfh cells in neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses in HCV infec...
Blood CXCR5+CD4+ T cells are defined as circulating T follicular helper (TFH) cells, which is required for effective humoral immunity. This study aimed to investigate the role of circulating TFH cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection. Methods The frequency and phenotype...
The observed reduction in IgG serum levels after ethanol consumption in arthritic mice prompted us to more closely analyze B cells in the spleen and the bone marrow of CIA mice with and without ethanol exposure (Supplementary Fig.2a). Numbers of splenic plasma B cells (PC) were unchanged, but...
d Gating strategy of naive cells, Th1 cells, IFN-γ− Tfh and IFN-γ+ Tfh cells in IFN-γ-YFP reporter mice (top panel); the expression of Bcl6, ICOS, CD40L, T-bet, Eomes, CXCR3, and SLAM in each T cell subsets (middle panel). Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of each ...
As a consequence of prolonged IL-2 signalling, Tfh cells do not develop and the development of GCs and long-lived plasma cells is impaired11. Thus, the factors that control the physiological availability of IL-2 are likely to regulate Tfh development and the ensuing B-cell response. Whereas ...
Proportion of cytotoxic NK cells decreases, whereas that of NKT cells with low cytotoxicity increases in EGFR-MT tumors NK and NKT cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes of the innate immune system that provide the first line of defense in the body before activating the adaptive immune system. Although ...