For the measurement of magnesium ions, inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES, Optima 8000, PerkinElmer, USA) was employed. 2.6. Cell and cytotoxicity assay Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were expanded with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/low...
Other available techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry analysis (ICP-OES) can also be used for analyzing the calcium phosphate molar ratio [105]. Physical characterization of bioceramics including BCP can be performed to determine the ...