In this chapter, we specifically discuss T cell ELISPOT methods for the detection of secreted cytokines. A detailed protocol is given enabling the detection of interferon gamma-secreting CD8(+) T cells and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells following their isolation and polyclonal activation. ...
The activation of T cells by Gag peptide stimulation in vitro was first evaluated by measuring the secretion of cytokines and chemokines into the culture supernatants. There was significantly enhanced secretion of IFN-γ in each sample (ranging from 10- to 100-fold) following stimulation with the ...
Innate cytokines are critical drivers of priming and differentiation of naive CD4 T cells, but their functions in memory T cell response are largely undefined. Here we show that IL-1 acts as a licensing signal to permit effector cytokine production by pre-committed Th1 (IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-13...
IL-2 is one of the most important cytokines in T cell activation, which is mainly secreted by CD4+ Th cells, NK, and CD8+ T cells. IL-2 enhances cytolytic activity, drives Treg cell development, suppresses immune cell responses, and promotes potential cell elimination functions through activat...
ofimmunosuppressivecytokines TGF-β and IL-10, and cell-cell contact. IL-10 and TGF-β secreted by Tregs are critical for dampening immune responses in allergy, burns, pregnancy, cancer,viral diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Treg cells can inhibit and downregulate all three (Th-1, Th-2, ...
Activation of CD8+ T cells also requires additional costimulatory signals such as CD80/86 signaling, as well as signaling through cytokines secreted by DCs and activated CD4+ T cells [2]. Most CD8+ T cell activation requires CD4+ T cells to sufficiently help act...
Finally CTL produce a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-2 which interact with otherimmune cells, promoting aT helper cellresponse and further CTL differentiation (Nutt and Huntington, 2019;Cox et al., 2013). One mechanism by which viruses are able to avoid...
The balance between specific cellular and humoral immune responses is determined largely by cytokines secreted by CD4 + T lymphocytes after activation upon recognition of antigen presented by antigen-presenting accessory cells (AC). Subsets of CD4 + T cells secreting high levels of the Thl cytokine ...
However, RA can also interfere with the effects of inhibitory cytokines on iTreg differentiation and can promote iTreg induction in absence of inhibitory cytokines, which is dependent on RAR-α[85]. Immune deficient mice lacking CD103 fail to suppress T cell mediated colitis upon transfer of ...
Turning cold tumors into hot tumors by improving T-cell infiltration 通过改善 T 细胞浸润将冷肿瘤转变为热肿瘤 摘要 【1】以免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)为代表的免疫疗法极大地提高了恶性肿瘤治疗的临床疗效。ICI 介导的抗肿瘤反应依赖于能够识别和杀死肿瘤细胞...