Activation of CD8+ T cells also requires additional costimulatory signals such as CD80/86 signaling, as well as signaling through cytokines secreted by DCs and activated CD4+ T cells [2]. Most CD8+ T cell activation requires CD4+ T cells to sufficiently help acti...
Yamada Y, Ohmoto Y, Hata T et al (1996) Features of the cytokines secreted by adult T cell leukemia (ATL) cells. Leuk Lymphoma 21:443–447Yamada, Y. , Ohomoto, Y. , Hata, T. , Yamamura, M. , Murata, K. , Tsukasaki, K. , Kohno, T. , Chen, Y. , Kamihira, S. and ...
IL-2 is one of the most important cytokines in T cell activation, which is mainly secreted by CD4+ Th cells, NK, and CD8+ T cells. IL-2 enhances cytolytic activity, drives Treg cell development, suppresses immune cell responses, and promotes potential cell elimination functions through activat...
The activation of T cells by Gag peptide stimulation in vitro was first evaluated by measuring the secretion of cytokines and chemokines into the culture supernatants. There was significantly enhanced secretion of IFN-γ in each sample (ranging from 10- to 100-fold) following stimulation with the ...
Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are translated into various signal transduction pathways within the cell, which mediate the activation of various genes ...
ofimmunosuppressivecytokines TGF-β and IL-10, and cell-cell contact. IL-10 and TGF-β secreted by Tregs are critical for dampening immune responses in allergy, burns, pregnancy, cancer,viral diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Treg cells can inhibit and downregulate all three (Th-1, Th-2, ...
Turning cold tumors into hot tumors by improving T-cell infiltration 通过改善 T 细胞浸润将冷肿瘤转变为热肿瘤 摘要 【1】以免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)为代表的免疫疗法极大地提高了恶性肿瘤治疗的临床疗效。ICI 介导的抗肿瘤反应依赖于能够识别和杀死肿瘤细胞...
However, RA can also interfere with the effects of inhibitory cytokines on iTreg differentiation and can promote iTreg induction in absence of inhibitory cytokines, which is dependent on RAR-α[85]. Immune deficient mice lacking CD103 fail to suppress T cell mediated colitis upon transfer of ...
Finally CTL produce a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-2 which interact with otherimmune cells, promoting aT helper cellresponse and further CTL differentiation (Nutt and Huntington, 2019;Cox et al., 2013). One mechanism by which viruses are able to avoid...
inflammatory cytokines is another choice for CAR-T cell improvement. In melanoma, CAR-T cells can still kill tumor cells in which TILs therapy fails, primarily based on the IL-2 signal. CAR-T cells were more efficacious in IL-2 transgenic mice, helping CAR-T cells resist the suppressive ...