domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion. The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity. The main functions for the Spike...
Interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral pathway is one of the major innate immune mechanisms against invading viral pathogens, which consists of two stages including IFN activation and IFN signaling. In the former one, viral infection rapidly induces expression and secretion of type I and III IFNs. In...
Compared to other age groups, COVID-19 is less common in children and infection is mainly asymptomatic. It has been reported that around 86% of COVID‐19 infected children in China remained undiagnosed which may constitute a risk for infection in elderly people [22]. Therefore, a small numbe...
SARS-CoV-2 is the pathogenic agent of COVID-19, which has evolved into a global pandemic. Compared with some other respiratory RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 is a poor inducer of type I interferon (IFN). Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 nsp12, the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)...
The IgM ELISA is a solid-phase antibody capture ELISA assay in which polystyrene microwell strips are pre-coated with anti-human immunoglobulin M (anti-μ chain). Any IgM-class antibodies will be captured inside the wells and subsequently detected by the addition of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 ...
differences in the genetic sequences encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein that mediates virus entry into human cells, which may account for many of the unique pathogenic properties of SARS-CoV-2 [8,9]. It has been highlighted in a study that there is a wide phenotypic variation in...
It is therefore conceivable that anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can protect against the virus. However, demonstrating a neutralizing activity of an antibody against a virus requires assays using live or pseudotyped virus, which cannot be performed in a high-throughput fashion. It is necessary to ...
In order to examine whether the Omicron mutation eases the emergence of further Mpro mutations, we also analyzed the P132H+T169S double mutant, which is characteristic of the BA.1.1.2 lineage. However, we found little evidence of a correlation between the two mutation sites.Mohamed Ibrahim...
A deeper understanding of the molecular biology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the host response to the virus, is urgently needed. Commonalities exist between the host immune response to viral infections and cancer. Here, we defined transcriptional signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection involving hu...
Optimal COVID-19 vaccines protect from severe disease, span a broad spectrum of virus variants and prevent or limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Live-attenuated vaccines (LAV), which have been successfully used against virus infections such as measles, mumps and rubella (MMR)5, offer advantages over...