Plasmids are so common in bacteria and archaea. The plasmid is an extrachromosomal DNA which means it is not a chromosome and can replicate independently of the chromosome. It is a small circular DNA strand in a bacterium's cytoplasm. The plasmid is also described as an additional circular, ...
Phage predation accelerates the spread of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance Article Open access 26 June 2024 Introduction Bacteriophages or phages, are viruses that specifically infect and kill bacteria. With a total estimated global abundance of 1031 particles, phages represent the most abundant enti...
Can double-stranded RNA viruses replicate with just their genome? Is ribosomal RNA formed by transcription? Does RNA form a double helix? Ribosomal RNA is produced by What cellular machinery reads messenger RNA? What types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis?
The complete genome sequence of the Streptomyces temperate phage straight phiC31: evolutionary relationships to other viruses. The completed genome sequence of the temperate Streptomyces phage straight phiC31 is reported. straight phiC31 contains genes that are related by sequence ... MCM Smith,BR Neil...
(CDS 21). The TMP of many bacteriophages has been shown to determine the length of the phage tail [60]. By contrast, (Fig.1) suggests that the largest gene on the genome of RBClin15 codes for a TMP, as observed for many siphoviruses [61]. (All predicted structural proteins and ...
Satellite viruses that require a helper virus to complete their lifecycles have been identified in microbes, plants, and animals53,54, and how bacterial viruses and their satellites co-evolve has been studied in laboratory evolution experiments55. We report that bacterial plasmids can also evolve the...
Summary And Explanation Of The Test Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause disease in animals or humans. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus of the… Blog Condalab January 13, 2022 Didier Trono Description Founded in 1960, Condalab has become the main...
Viral vectors have been demonstrated to be effective for delivery but are more challenging to produce for both preclinical and clinical studies and restricted in cargo size. This is problematic, as the Cas9 gene is over 4 kb long, and delivery using adeno-associated viruses (AAVs; packaging cap...
and activate dendritic cells in vitro.12–14 Furthermore, parenteral immunization with HPV L1 VLPs induces T-cell responses,15 and type-specific neutral- izing antibodies, and is the basis for licensed vaccines.16,17 HPV capsids can pseudotype the ~8 kb genome of other pap- illomaviruses. ...
Single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses are a major component of the earth virome. In particular, the circular, Rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS-DNA) viruses show high diversity and abundance in various habitats. By combining sequence similarity network and phylogenet