Unlike bulky base adducts induced by UV and other environmental mutagens in the genome that block replicative DNA polymerases, oxidatively damaged bases such as 5-hydroxyuracil, produced by oxidative deamination of cytosine in the template strand, do not block replicative polymerases and thus need to...
1b); it excises 8-oxo-dG opposite to the cytosine base and generates an AP site10. OGG1 is a bifunctional DNA glycosylase capable of cleaving the 3′-end of the AP site; 3′-deoxyribose phosphate (3′-dRP) and 5′-phosphate are produced via a β-elimination mechanism. In addition, ...
The accumulation of somatic DNA mutations over time is a hallmark of aging in many dividing and nondividing cells but has not been studied in postmitotic human cardiomyocytes. Using single-cell whole-genome sequencing, we identified and characterized the landscape of somatic single-nucleotide variants...
DNA carrying vital genetic information of cells constantly suffers from spontaneous deamination and depurination, alkylation, and oxidation (1, 2, 3). These reactions lead to modifications of the DNA backbone and bases, with the latter predominating. The resulting aberrant bases are potentially genotox...
Methylation at CpG islands in DNA is an important epigenetic mechanism that may result in gene silencing. Oxidation of 5-MeCyt to 5-hydroxymethyl uracil (5-OHMeUra) can occur via deamination/oxidation reactions of thymine or 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine intermediates [107]. In addition to the modulat...
Unlike bulky base adducts induced by UV and other environmental mutagens in the genome that block replicative DNA polymerases, oxidatively damaged bases such as 5-hydoxyuracil (5-OHU), produced by oxidative deamination of cytosine in the template strand, do not block replicative polymerases and ...
2. From nitrates, nitrites and nitrosamines in organism is formed nitrous acid which causes oxidative deamination of nitrogene bases of nucleotides. This induce a point mutation by replacement of cytosine to...E. Reversal translation
Nitroxidative stress on the DNA is reported to cause the deamination of guanine and cytosine residues. In the case of proteins, nitration of tyrosine residues and the formation of nitro-tyrosine residues have been reported65. Free radical scavengers were used to identify the moiety involved in alt...
levels have been successfully restored. Alternatively, it has been proposed that RAGs are activated by glutamine, specifically byα-ketoglutarate generated upon double deamination occurring in the glutaminolytic pathway.26Although mTOR activation through this mechanism needs to be still clarified, it ...
levels have been successfully restored. Alternatively, it has been proposed that RAGs are activated by glutamine, specifically byα-ketoglutarate generated upon double deamination occurring in the glutaminolytic pathway.26Although mTOR activation through this mechanism needs to be still clarified, it ...