Two-stage bioprocessMicrobially produced lipids have attracted attention for their environmental benefits and commercial value. We have combined lipid pathway engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast with bioprocess design to improve productivity and explore barriers to enhanced lipid production. Initially,...
The dogma that parasites lack de novo fatty-acid synthesis has been challenged by the discovery and characterization of several Plasmodium falciparum fatty-acid-synthesis enzymes. A complete biosynthetic pathway for lipids in the apicoplast is described. Haem biosynthesis How does the malaria parasite...
The principal metabolic pathway of RBC is glycolysis, and the main energy source in most species is glucose. 红细胞的主要代谢途径是糖酵解,而大多数物种的主要能量来源是葡萄糖。 article.yeeyan.org 6. The lipids formed in the metabolic pathway would enable the cell to enlarge its membrane to acc...
Absorbed galactose was converted in midgut cells to glucose, glycogen, glycolytic intermediates, lipids, and amino acids. The data show rapid transfer of the water-soluble metabolites into the hemolymph and other tissues. The results support a hypothesis that a major route of acylglycerol transfer ...
Beyond this aspect, multiple ontologies used to describe metabolites/lipids54 and the semi quantitative property of most of the analytical methods, are still major bottlenecks of the field. Despite these limitations, it is now recognized that metabolomics is a powerful tool allowing metabolic ...
Cholesterol, like other lipids, relies on acetyl-CoA for intracellular synthesis. Activating key enzymes in the mevalonate (MVA) synthesis pathway, such as HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), enables cholesterol biosynthesis. MVA is further modified to generate a variety of cholesterol for important biological...
Lipid droplets (LDs), which are active organelles, derive from the monolayer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and encapsulate neutral lipids internally. LD-associated proteins like RAB, those in the PLIN family, and those in the CIDE family particip
For intracellular production of lipids, volumetric productivity is limited by biomass yield due to the inherent trade-off between the production of biomass and lipids, and biomass growth is easily impaired during lipid pathway modification. To improve lipid productivity, bioprocess strategies are commonly...
From a metabolic point of view, “metabolic regulation” refers to mechanisms implemented by cells/organisms to warrant homeostasis independently of the environmental conditions, whereas “metabolic control” refers to the capacity of specific components or steps of a metabolic pathway to modify its outp...
of MR as follows: 1) instrumental variables (IVs) are closely related to exposure factors; 2) IVs are not associated with confounding factors in the relationship between exposure and outcome; and 3) IVs affect outcomes only through exposure, not through any other direct or indirect pathway [10...