Based on the lipoate redox state, PfLipL1 either functions as a canonical lipoate ligase or as a lipoate activating enzyme which works in conjunction with PfLipL2. We demonstrate that PfLipL2 is a lipoyltransferase and is a member of a novel clade of lipoate attachment enzymes. We show...
Similarly, Ism1 treatment has no effect on genes controlling the alternative thermogenic pathways, including futile creatine cycling (Crt, Gatm, Gamt, and Ckmt1), ATP-dependent calcium2+ cycling (Serca2b), or Pm20d1, an enzyme responsible for generating endogenous uncouplers of mitochondrial ...
activity, SUMO activation by the E1 enzyme, the transfer of SUMO to the E2-conjugating enzyme Ubc9, which conjugates SUMO to the substrate protein without or with the help of an E3 ligase, and then the deconjugation of SUMO from the substrate protein by SENPs via their isopeptidase function...
Here, we show that BrtB is an O-alkylating enzyme that catalyzes the esterification of free (non-activated) fatty acids with the chlorinated positions found in the bartolosides, generating a diversity of fatty acid-bartoloside esters (Fig. 1g)....
An increase in USP18 expression during muscle cell differentiation is independent of its role in the interferon type 1 stimulated response. During normal muscle cell differentiation, USP18 accumulates in the cell nucleus regulating multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation initiatio...
As an example, calcium ions regulate over 300 biochemical reactions in the body through their role as enzyme co-factors (49). Proliferation in cell cultures of mouse 3T3 (50) or human WI-38 (51) fibroblasts was found to be inhibited by calcium concentrations below 0.5 mm, leading to ...
2,3-Dihydroxybenzoate-AMP ligase (EntE) adenylates DHB, activating it for attachment to the NRPS substrate holo-EntB. Using analytical ultracentrifugation, we found that EntA undergoes concentration-dependent dimer−tetramer self-association (KD = 12.3 μM). We further found that EntA can form ...
Our model system is the hormone-activating type 2 deiodinase (D2), an -resident type 1 integral enzyme. D2 exists as a homodimer maintained by interacting surfaces at its transmembrane and globular cytosolic domains. The D2 dimer associates with the Hedgehog-inducible ligase , the -7, and ...
ATP-Dependent L-Cystein:1D-myo-Inosityl 2-Amino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside Ligase, Mycothiol Biosynthesis Enzyme MshC, Is Related to Class I Cysteinyl-tRNA Synthetases.ATP-Dependent L-Cystein:1D-myo-Inosityl 2-Amino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside Ligase, Mycothiol Biosynthesis Enzyme MshC, Is...
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification is essential for mammalian and plant viability. The U6 m6A methyltransferases in other species regulate S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) homeostasis through installing m6A in pre-mRNAs of SAM synthetases. However, U6