Cancer immune cyclePurpose of Review Cancer immune evasion is still a major obstacle in elimination of cancer cells and current cancer treatment. This review focuses on immune evasion mechanisms at each step of the cancer immune cycle to better understand the escape of the tumor cells from the ...
Treatment resistance can be a turning point in the journey of a patient with cancer, but the genetic path to it remains unclear. Bakir et al. studied this in the context of neopeptide vaccines (NPVs) — a therapy whereby the patient is immunized with tumor-specific peptides. An NPV was...
Finally, high mutational burden tumors showed a tendency toward focal loss of heterozygosity of HLA-I as the immune evasion mechanism, whereas, in hypermutated tumors, other immune evasion strategies prevail.Similar content being viewed by others Immunogenomic pan-cancer landscape reveals immune escape ...
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of HLA-I and HLA-II: it takes two to tango The most prevalent pan-cancer mechanism of GIE is the LOH in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region that is detected in ~18–20% of tumors overall [22,23]. However, the frequency of HLA-I LOH varies signifi...
Efferocytosis Apoptotic cell Cancer immune escape Treatment resistance Immune checkpoint inhibitor 1. Introduction Cell death, especially apoptosis is a key fundamental process in eliminating potentially harmful or abnormal cells and maintaining tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms [1], [2], the eng...
Advances in cancer therapy have been substantial in terms of molecular understanding of disease mechanisms, however these advances have not translated into increased survival in the majority of cancer types. One unsolved problem in current cancer therape
There are a series of factors contributing to immune evasion despite in an immunocompetent environment. Given that these factors are involved in different steps of the cancer immune cycle. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of immune escape in each step of the cancer immune cycle and ...
of effector T cells. This local immune escape mechanism has been termed “adaptive immune resistance” [26,27,28,29]. Sanmamed and Chen [30] have confirmed anti-PD/PD-L1 therapy as a clearest approach to the normalization of cancer immunotherapy; it can selectively repair the tumor-induced ...
Cancer Biology & TherapyKim R,E.M.a.T.K.Cancer cell immune escape and tumor progression by exploitation of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory responses. Cancer Biology and Therapy . 2005Cancer cell immune escape and tumor progression by exploitation of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory ...
In addition, mouse cancer models have confirmed the existence of “immune editing,” which includes three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape. The immune escape phase is the key to tumor cell survival and involves several mechanisms, including reducing the recognition and stimulation of ...