Visual field, assessed in 29 children, was normal in 9 and reduced in 20. The number of children with some grade of visual impairment increased from 7 to 10 during follow-up. Of the 17 children in whom the tumor became significantly smaller, VA improved in 6, was stable in 3, and ...
Loss-of-function mutations in TP53 and ATRX are also seen in the majority of these tumours. IDH-wildtype astrocytomas are less common and often have the genetic alterations found in glioblastomas and a much worse prognosis, prompting some to postulate that these tumours should be considered the...
pediatric oligodendrogliomas most frequently harbor alterations inFGFR1including TKD-duplications or SNVs or BRAF p.V600E (Table1). Recently, the entity polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) was described [88]. These tumors invariably possessed oligodendroglioma-like cellula...
The dismal prognosis and inevitable recurrence as well as resistance to chemoradiotherapy in glioblastoma may be attributed to its cellular heterogeneity and multiple subclonal populations (Qazi et al., 2017). In addition, according to genomic profiling, the four glioblastoma subtypes have been defined...
histological diagnosis and age were used to determine prognosis. However, more recently the molecular underpinnings of pLGG have emerged as a powerful tool to supplement the stratification of these tumors. In the last decade, significant molecular data has emerged to suggest that pLGG near universally...
Gliomaandglioblastomaare both types of brain tumor diagnoses. Since they sound similar, differentiating them can be challenging for patients who have encountered these terms in their diagnoses. It is not uncommon for patients to ask their doctors, "are glioma and glioblastoma the same?" ...
Low-grade glioma is most common in children, whereas in adults, diffuse high-grade gliomas (HGGs) are predominant. In children, diffuse HGGs are rare but have the same dismal prognosis as in adults and, in terms of histopathology, clinical behavior, genetic expression signatures and genetic ab...
(TAMs) being linked to high tumor grade and poor prognosis in many cancers, including glioma17,18,19,20. While the relative importance of the resident microglia and the blood-borne monocytes and macrophages in glioma tumorigenesis is under debate, there is substantial literature on the ...
Brain tumors are the predominant cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in children1. Pediatric diffuse high-grade gliomas (pHGG) comprise approximately 20% of all childhood brain tumors. This heterogeneous group of tumors carries a devastating prognosis, with 70–90% of patients dying withi...
The immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioma induces immunotherapy resistance and is associated with poor prognosis. Glioma-associated mesenchymal stem cells (GA-MSCs) play an important role in the formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment,