Microglia are tiny glial cells ("micro" means small). They act as the brain's own dedicated immune system. The brain needs its own immune system because the blood-brain barrier isolates the brain from the rest of your body.1 Microglia are alert to signs of injury and disease. When they ...
The discovery in mammals that axons are metabolically supported by myelinating glial cells explains why neurons can extend meters in length. In this issue, Volkenhoff etal. (2015) show that, inDrosophila, the transfer of lactate from the glial to the neuronal compartment is conserved in ...
Energy metabolismAstrocyteTanycyteNG2-gliaMicrogliaThe major function of brain glial cells is to maintain a homeostatic milieu for neurons to work properly in response to a variety of environmental alterations. Recent studies have shown that glial cells in the hypothalamus, a brain center controlling ...
1.2.2 Glial Cells The glial cells of the nervous system are a group of nonsynaptic support cells that function to maintain an optimal parenchymal microenvironment for neuronal function (Bear & Paradiso, 2007). Glial cells make up the majority of cells in the nervous system and are integrally ...
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Therefore, perturbations in glial cell function, as well as glial metabolism of chemicals to active intermediates, can lead to neuronal dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to explore neuroglial sites of neurotoxicant actions, discuss potential mechanisms of glial-induced or glial-mediated ...
Traditionally regarded as supportive cells, glial cells have been barely studied in the context of brain physiology. No attention has been paid to the fact that these cells outcome neurons by an estimated factor of ten, and more importantly that they surround synapses. Moreover, cells of glial ...
In the brain, the 5α-reductase converting testosterone (T) is present both in neurons and in glial cells, even if it prevails in neurons; the 3α-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (3α-HSD), the enzyme converting dihydrotestosterone (DHT) into 3α-diol, is particularly concentrated in type 1 ast...
Glial cells, by virtue of their plasticity and their ideal location at the interface of blood vessels and neurons, participate in the integration and transmission of peripheral information to neuronal networks in the brain for the neuroendocrine control of whole-body metabolism. Metabolic diseases, ...
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