必应词典为您提供Forward-and-backward-integration的释义,网络释义: 向前一体化;向后或是向前一体化;前后向关联;
Backward integration, forward integration, and vertical :后向一体化,整合,和垂直整合,后向,后向一体,向一体化,and,一体化,后向一体化,向一体化,向一体化,向整合 文档格式: .pdf 文档大小: 543.23K 文档页数: 46页 顶/踩数: 0/0 收藏人数:
backward and forward integration专业释义 <商务> 前后向合并;原料供应和产品销售方面的一体化 <经贸> 原料供应和产品销售方面一体化词条提问 欢迎你对此术语进行提问>> 行业词表 石油纺织轻工业造纸采矿信息学农业冶金化学医学医药地理地质外贸建筑心理学数学机械核能汽车海事消防物理生物学电力电子金融财会证券法律管理...
backward integrationconsumer surpluscontrolling and passive integrationforward integrationinvestmentvertical foreclosurevertical integrationI show that partial vertical integration may either alleviates or exacerbate the concern for vertical foreclosure relative to full vertical integration and I examine its ...
Each manufacturer chooses one of the three strategies: forward integration, backward integration, or no vertical integration. We seek for a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium and study the resulting market structure. Moreover, we characterize the effect of vertical integration on profitability, product ...
But in backward integration, the company’s responsibilities are shifting more to serve their end markets indirectly by focusing on controlling the product, which generally tends to consist of more technical functions such as product development and manufacturing. Learn More → Investment Banking Guide ...
aSome companies find beneficial to integrate backward (towards their suppliers) or forward (towards their customers). Vertical integration makes sense when a company requires greater control of a supplier or buyer that has major impact on its product cost or when the existing relationship involves a...
Francesco Russo,Pierre Vallois.Forward, backward and symmetric stochastic integration[J]. Probability Theory and Related Fields .1993(3)Russo, F. and Vallois, P. "Forward, backward and symmetric stochastic integra- tion". In: Probab. Theory Related Fields 97.3 (1993), pp. 403-421.F. Russo...
Nevertheless, first-order forward and backward integration are both first-order approximations of the true solutions, and forward mapping is an acceptable approximation to the advection in Equation 13.16. In all three implementations, the texture lookup with shifted texture coordinates makes use of bi-...
My suggestion is that when we are focusing on IoTs, we have to give equal importance to developing a component industry that supports the end –product, a sort of forward and backward integration. Otherwise, it will be a zero sum game. Also...