必应词典为您提供Forward-and-backward-integration的释义,网络释义: 向前一体化;向后或是向前一体化;前后向关联;
Backward integration, forward integration, and vertical :后向一体化,整合,和垂直整合,后向,后向一体,向一体化,and,一体化,后向一体化,向一体化,向一体化,向整合 文档格式: .pdf 文档大小: 543.23K 文档页数: 46页 顶/踩数: 0/0 收藏人数:
Both backward (upstream) and forward (downstream) vertical integration strategies shape the organization of global value chains (GVCs). Yet, many studies make the unrealistic assumption that integration decisions are binary and one-directional. That is, for each production stage, companies make the ...
backward and forward integration专业释义 <商务> 前后向合并;原料供应和产品销售方面的一体化 <经贸> 原料供应和产品销售方面一体化词条提问 欢迎你对此术语进行提问>> 行业词表 石油纺织轻工业造纸采矿信息学农业冶金化学医学医药地理地质外贸建筑心理学数学机械核能汽车海事消防物理生物学电力电子金融财会证券法律管理...
In contrast, we find that, when both forward and backward integration options are considered, disintegration cannot be an equilibrium outcome. In this case, both manufacturers either forward or backward integrate, and the degree of product perishability, cost of quality, and how much consumers value...
Nevertheless, first-order forward and backward integration are both first-order approximations of the true solutions, and forward mapping is an acceptable approximation to the advection in Equation 13.16. In all three implementations, the texture lookup with shifted texture coordinates makes use of bi-...
Forward and backward supply chainThis article presents a system for measuring the level of integration of a forward and backward supply chain and its use in modeling the structure and processes occurring in the management of the flow of goods. A supply chain involves both forward and backward ...
My suggestion is that when we are focusing on IoTs, we have to give equal importance to developing a component industry that supports the end –product, a sort of forward and backward integration. Otherwise, it will be a zero sum game. Also...
Forward integration is the opposite of backward integration, which is a strategy of acquiring the companies that were once the suppliers for the business seeking more integration. Benefits of Forward Integration Generally, forward integration allows companies to sustain profits while minimizing profit losse...
Based on the analysis of the significance and values of differences, the results of the influence of each integration factor on global results of supply chains of forward and backward type were obtained. They were used to prepare the ranking of integration factors. The main fa...