Nighttime Land Surface Temperature 7500 65535 Kelvin 0.02 0 QC_Night Nighttime LST Quality indicators 0 0 QC_Night Bitmask Bits 0-1: Mandatory QA flags 0: LST produced, good quality, not necessary to examine more detailed QA1: LST produced, other quality, recommend examination of more detailed...
Above the 250 K altitude level in the troposphere, where the effects of water are negligible, sub-Kelvin temperature accuracy is predicted up to similar to 40 km depending on the phase of the solar cycle. Geopotential heights of constant pressure levels are expected to be accurate to similar ...
We calculated the LST by applying the sensor inherent scale factors of the thermal band (band “ST_B6” for Landsat 5 and 7 and “ST_B10” for Landsat 8) and by converting the obtained result from Kelvin to Celsius. For the three Landsat sensors, we calculated the averages of ...
where \(p\) is the surface pressure, \(T\) the 2-m temperature in Kelvin, \(V\) the 100-m wind speed, and \(R\) the universal gas constant for dry air. Using the power density as a proxy for the wind resource does not allow us consideration of wind turbine wake effects or ge...
surface_type UMD surface type 0 0 temp_11_0um Top of atmosphere brightness temperature at 11.0μm (CDR variable) -32767 32767 Kelvin 11.0μm 0.002441481 260 temp_11_0um_clear_sky Top of atmosphere brightness temperature modeled assuming clear skies at 11.0μm -30853 32767 Kelvin 0.002441481 ...
with strong cooling effects in semi-arid environments. Furthermore, we predict that land restoration can decrease local land surface temperature by around 0.2 Kelvin on average. This study gives a more detailed insight into where future land restoration provides additional positive climate impacts, and...
where BT is the top of atmosphere brightness temperature in Kelvin, LλTOA spectral radiance (Watts/(m2*srad*μm); K1 = Band-specific thermal conversion constant from the metadata (K1_CONSTANT_BAND_x, where x is the thermal band number), K2 is the band-specific thermal conversion con...
LST_Day_1km Daytime Land Surface Temperature 7500 65535 Kelvin 0.02 0 QC_Day Daytime LST Quality Indicators 0 0 QC_Day Bitmask Bits 0-1: Mandatory QA flags 0: LST produced, good quality, not necessary to examine more detailed QA 1: LST produced, other quality, recommend examination of mor...
whereA = −4.68,B = 5829.2, andC = 579.9 are the fitting parameters andTis the temperature in Kelvin. Equation (1) reproduces data with a Root Mean Squared Relative Error (RMSRE) of ±0.025 Log units (Supplementary Fig.1). ...
Indeed, according to a famous computation by Lord Kelvin, the mantle has about double the rigidity of steel. Hence, except for some local fluidities, the earth is not plastic but essentially elastic, like steel. This concept of the earth was startlingly confirmed in 1960 from a totally ...