1: Average LST error ≤ 2K 2: Average LST error ≤ 3K 3: Average LST error > 3K Day_view_timeLocal time of day observation0240Hours0.10Day_view_angleView zenith angle of day observation0130Degrees0-65LST_Night_1
where the temperature is given in Kelvin and A1, A2, A3, K and γ are calibration constants. Generally, a homologous temperature is defined as the ratio of actual temperature to melting temperature. We follow this convention and define the homologous temperature (TH) as the ratio of the geoth...
Hot things move quickly, cold things very slowly. If atoms come to a complete stop, they are at absolute zero. Space is just above that, at an average temperature of 2.7 Kelvin(about minus 455 degrees Fahrenheit). But space is mostly full of, well, empty space. ...
where \(p\) is the surface pressure, \(T\) the 2-m temperature in Kelvin, \(V\) the 100-m wind speed, and \(R\) the universal gas constant for dry air. Using the power density as a proxy for the wind resource does not allow us consideration of wind turbine wake effects or ge...
From the physics, using sensors to provide temperature (in kelvin), barometric pressure (in hectopascals) and relative humidity, the partial pressure change (in hectopascals and watts) according to the rate of condensation, could be determined. Under...
The temperature value is derived from the MOD11_L2 swath product. Above 30 degrees latitude, some pixels may have multiple observations where the criteria for clear-sky are met. When this occurs, the pixel value is the average of all qualifying observations. Provided along with both the day-...
The solar corona, the upper atmosphere of the Sun (which has been heated to temperatures of 1–2 million Kelvin), streams away from the Sun at a more or less steady rate of 109 kg s−1 in equal numbers (8 × 1035 s−1) of electrons and ions. The boundary between the solar ...
We calculated the LST by applying the sensor inherent scale factors of the thermal band (band “ST_B6” for Landsat 5 and 7 and “ST_B10” for Landsat 8) and by converting the obtained result from Kelvin to Celsius. For the three Landsat sensors, we calculated the averages of ...
2: Average LST error ≤ 3K 3: Average LST error > 3K Day_view_time Local time of day observation 0 240 Hours 0.1 0 Day_view_angle View zenith angle of day observation 0 130 Degrees 0 -65 LST_Night_1km Nighttime Land Surface Temperature 7500 65535 Kelvin 0.02 0 QC_Night Nighttime LST...
Average pore radius (\({r}_{a}\)) The water-holding property of soil is the macroscopic manifestation of the form of the pore distributions; thus, the pore radius distributions were estimated using the SWCC and based on the Young-Laplace equation. The relationship between the theoretical pore...