Solar wind streams out from the sun, flinging energetic particles across the solar system. And the sun's corona, the outer atmosphere of the star, is much hotter than the actual surface. The corona is one million degrees Kelvin, while the surface is around 6,000 Kelvin.Understanding the sol...
Solar wind streams out from the sun, flinging energetic particles across the solar system. And the sun's corona, the outer atmosphere of the star, is much hotter than the actual surface. The corona is one million degrees Kelvin, while the surface is around 6,000 Kelvin. Understanding the s...
A kinematics model of ship wake in the presence of wind surface waves is presented. It is found that stationary wave structure behind a ship is different from the well-known Kelvin model and covered a wedge region with the 16.9° angle at the top of wake....
During the day while the sun is shining, more heat is delivered to the soil than is removed by the various cooling mechanisms. The temperature of the soil surface therefore rises during the day. In dry soil, the surface temperature may increase by 3 or 4 C°/hr. The surface heating is...
From condensation and accumulation of exospheric species onto the surface in response to diurnal and seasonal changes of surface temperature, to thermal accommodation, diffusion and ultimate escape of these species from the regolith back into space, surface-interactions have a drastic impact on exo...
For the simulations shown in Fig. 2a, the initial conditions included a random velocity distribution for the particles, and the simulation was run at room temperature. The temperature was specified in Kelvin (K), where room temperature typically ranges from 20 °C to 25 °C, or approximately ...
Figure 1. The GHRSST diagram of the temperature at the ocean surface. Theocean conditions, especially the wind speed and daytime or nighttime can make a 2.5°C difference, or larger, in the temperature gradient from the surface to the foundation (stable portion of the mixed layer) temperature...
Urban regions with high coverage of impervious surfaces increase the sensible heat flux resulting in the urban heat island (UHI) that affects the local climate, contrasting the effect of natural ground cover (Avissar1996). Unlike the UHI, which focuses on the urban–rural air temperature gradient...
likely mineralogy of Mercury's silicates, MESSENGER discovered that, for a planet so close to the Sun, Mercury's surface is surprisingly rich in volatile elements (meaning, in this case, those that would condense from the gas phase at temperatures between a few hundred and a thousand kelvins...
Surface property of the Cu doped γ-Al2O3: A density functional theory study Liu Shi, Yan Huang, Zhang-Hui Lu, Wanglai Cen, ... Gang Feng Article 147651 Article preview Abstract Graphical abstract Graphical abstract select article Simple development of Kelvin probe using a pA meter and its...