What are the characteristics of digestive enzymes? Describe how an enzyme differs from a substrate. How does an enzyme effect the rate of metabolism? Explain what enzymes interact with the different foodstuffs.
What enzymes are used in cellular respiration? Explain how enzymes are able to make reactions go faster by discussing activation energy and how enzymes interact with substrates. Why are enzymes specific? What is enzyme activity and how is it different from rate of an enzyme reaction?
Palmisano's group found in an in vitro study using human liver microsomes that avadomide underwent oxidative metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes (mainly CYP3A4 and CYP1A2) but did not influence the inhibition or induction of CYP enzymes. They studied the interaction of avadomide...
Although decades back, mining of microbes and other organisms gave access to different metabolites. The identification of key biosynthetic enzymes was done manually either using nBLAST, pBLAST or PSI-BLAST or alignments of amino acid sequences in genome data. The clusters of genes were then explor...
However, ubiquitination is reversed by cleaving the ubiquitin through the action of deubiquitylation enzymes (DUBs) [21, 22]. Furthermore, ubiquitin chains can be formed by linking one ubiquitin to the N-terminus or internal lysine residues (lysine (K) 6, 11, 27, 29, 33, 48 and 63) of...
enzymes in the electron transport chain (ETC). This leads to a build-up of protons in the mitochondrial membrane and the generation of ATP by ATP synthase (ETC complex V) (Fig.1). In brief, OXPHOS describes the oxidation of NADH and FADH2, in combination with ADP phosphorylation (ATP ...
The primary site of DOPAL burden is the pre-synaptic terminal, where its buildup is favored by a combination of defective dopamine storage in synaptic vesicles19, increased MAO activity with aging20, and decreased DOPAL detoxification by the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes (ALDH1A1, ALDH2)14. Ac...
signaling pathway involving mTOR and AKT. The mTOR signaling pathway intervenes in the conversion of amino acids into proteins, while, importantly, the AKT signaling pathway regulates the expression of GLUTs and phosphofructokinase enzymes in immature SCs117,118to support their metabolism and ...
We report for the first time that the ET-1 axis promotes invadosome in fibroblasts for the localized release of lytic enzymes that participate in the generation of tracks in the ECM. These findings, together with those in cancer cells, support the idea that β-arr1, acting as a subcellular...
Chromogens like DAB (3,3'-Diaminobenzidine), AEC (3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole) and Vector® NovaRED™ are substrates that interact with the HRP that is bound to the detection reagent. Several chromogenic substrates are available, and they produce a variety of colors with varying intensity....