NF-κB signalling can regulate transcription through a combination of NF-κB protein homo- and heterodimers [14–17]. These pathways are also known to regulate components of the apoptotic pathway, thereby providing the potential for cells to undergo a programmed cell death [18], the ultimate ...
The data-flow diagram is used as a representation of the whole data input and output, which enables us to simulate, analyze, and manipulate (in the future) at our disposal. From DNA to protein via RNA is the one of most well-known biological process, sometimes called central-dogma. Most...
Diagram to elucidate a possible mechanism of how fluoride activates the Gαq signaling pathway, in turn stabilizing SATB1 protein in secretory ameloblasts.Yan ZhangJiYeon KimOrapin HorstYukiko NakanoLi ZhuRalf J. RadlanskiSunita...
The expression and prognosis of Emi1 and Skp2 in breast carcinoma: associated with PI3K/Akt pathway and cell proliferation S-phase kinase protein 2 (Skp2) is oncogenic and overexpressed in human breast cancer. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of early mitot... X Liu,...
Structure of the plant cell (plasma) membrane This is a bilipid membrane that is made up of protein subunits and carbohydrates, with a characteristic semi permeability factor. It surrounds the cell cytoplasm, thus enclosing its content.
The endoplasmic reticulum ensures protein quality control through a mechanism called theunfolded protein response, or UPR. This is basically very rapid cell signaling that enables the RER to communicate with the cell nucleus. When unfolded or misfolded proteins begin to pile up in the lumen of th...
Rule-based modeling allows representation and simulation of biological systems where molecular features (such as protein domains) and feature-specific details of molecular interactions are accounted for. The rule-based description is precise and can define very fine molecular details (e.g. how phosphory...
stimulate the overproduction of some other protein. The overexpressed protein could act as a lethal toxin for the organism. Another possible complication is that the nanomachinery itself may mutate over time and either lose its original function or worse adversely interfere with the viability of the...
theworldinrecentyears. Petrinetshavebeenappliedsuccessfullyinmodeling, simulatingandanalyzingbiologicalnetworks[1,2](i.e., metabolic[3,4],signaltransduction[5,6]andgeneregula- torynetworks[7,8]).Inthemeanwhile,anumberofpub- licandcommercialdatabaseshavedevelopedtoolsto automaticallyconvertbiologicalpathway...