primarily activated CD4 T lymphocytesTöpfer, ANiemöller, MAssenmacher, MGmbh, Miltenyi BiotecGladbach, Bergisch
Pathogen-specific CD4 T cells are activated within a few hours of oral Salmonella infection and are essential for protective immunity. However, CD4 T cells do not participate in bacterial clearance until several weeks after infection, suggesting that Salmonella can inhibit or evade CD4 T cells that...
Costimulator dependence of lymphokine secretion by naive and activated CD4+ T lymphocytes from TCR transgenic mice The role of costimulation in Ag-induced responses of naive and differentiated IL-2 and IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells has been examined using cells from mice expressing a transgenic ...
Approaches that enhance radiation effect may lead to improved clinical outcome and decrease toxicity. Here we investigated whether activated CD4+ T cells (aCD4) can serve as an effective radiosensitizer. CD4+ T cells were activated with anti-CD3 and anti
Using fetal thymic organ cultures (FTOCs), the present study investigated the impact of recirculating T cells on the two major cell populations in the thymus, namely the thymocytes and the TECs. Co-culturing with activated T cells, especially CD4+T cells, had a significant inhibitory effect on...
T cell-mediated responses have been implicated in the development of fibrosis, impaired lymphangiogenesis, and lymphatic dysfunction in secondary lymphedema. Here we show that CD4+ T cells are necessary for lymphedema pathogenesis by utilizing adopt
BACKGROUND: Methylprednisolone (MP) can affect the survival of CD4 + T lymphocytes and plays an important role in adaptive immune responses; however, its mechanism of action is not clear. Recent studies have shown that toll- like receptors (TLRs) on CD4 + T cells can directly modulate adaptiv...
In sexual transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus, and early and later stages of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection, both viruses were found to replicate predominantly in CD4$^+$ T cells at the portal of entry and in lymphoid tissues. Infection was propagated not only ...
The Gal-9/Tim-3 interaction on activated CD4+ T cells, leads to down-regulation of HIV-1 coreceptors and up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (also known as cip-1 and waf-1). We suggest that higher expression of Tim-3 during chronic infection has evolved to limit...
Because naïve T cells are unable to import cystine due to the absence of cystine transporters, it has been suggested that T cell activation is dependent on cysteine generated by antigen presenting cells. The aim of this study was to determine at which phases during T cell activation exogenous...