A process for the alkali hydrolysis of an amido ester to the corresponding amido acid is disclosed. The process is characterized by the steps of: A) hydrolyzing, in an aqueous alkaline media, an amido ester represented by formula (I), wherein R is selected from C1-20 alkyl, R1 is ...
The washing by protic solvents may evoke some hydrolysis of the polymer. Coupling agents such as phosgene and diphosgene in the presence of a base, tertiary amines or carbonate salt, can also be used for the polyanhydride formation (Domb et al., 1988). View chapter Chapter Pyrolysis of ...
Pharmacological blockade of the anandamide-degrading enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), produces CB1 receptor (CB1R)-mediated analgesic, anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects in murids. Using behavioral and electrophysiological approaches, we have characterized the emotional phenotype and ...
Acid hydrolysis of the dimethyl acetal function provided aldehyde 80. Reaction of aldehyde 80 with chiral sulfone 81, prepared from (E)-2-butene-1,4-diol by the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, afforded a coupling product. After oxidation of the hydroxy group, the sulfonyl group was removed by...
Double bonds appeared to have an important impact on FAAH inhibitory activity. The macamides containing oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids produced FAAH inhibition of 64, 73, and 54%, respectively, while the macamide containing stearic acid and lacking a double bond produced only 13% inhibition ...
As increased FAAH activity was found to contribute to the generation of colitis-induced anxiety, and given previous work that showed that activation of CRF-R1 can induce FAAH hydrolysis of AEA during psychological stress [50, 106], we examined CRF signaling as a potential upstream mechanism in ...
Base-catalyzed hydrolysis proceeds either through an intermolecular SN2 reaction to hydroxy-substituted derivatives or (in a few cases) through amide cleavage, while both amide and ether group cleavages are observed under acidic conditions. Our results reveal that subtle differences in chloroacetamide ...
The recombinant enzyme acted not only as an amidase for anandamide and oleamide, but also as an esterase for 2-arachidonoylglycerol. The reversibility of the enzymatic anandamide hydrolysis and synthesis was also confirmed with a purified recombinant enzyme. Several fatty acid derivatives like methyl...
ishydrolysisof the anhydride. In aqueous solutions, anhydrides may break down by the addition of onemoleculeof water to yield two unreactive carboxylate groups. The presence of an excess of the anhydride in the reaction medium usually is used to minimize the effects of competing hydrolysis. ...
Tyrosine, an amino acid comprising about 1 to 6 percent by weight of the mixture obtained by hydrolysis of most proteins. First isolated from casein in 1846 by German chemist Justus, baron von Liebig, tyrosine is particularly abundant in insulin (a hormo