By purifying and genetically profiling reactive astrocytes, it has been now found that astrocytes can be activated into two polarization states: the neurotoxic or pro-inflammatory phenotype (A1) and the neuroprotective or anti-inflammatory phenotype (A2). Although the simple dichotomy of the A1/A2 ...
直到最近,反应性星形胶质细胞到底是好是坏仍然存在争议。 2012年,当发现两种不同类型的反应性星形胶质细胞——A1和A2时,Barres和他的同事们解决这个分歧。在LPS(一种位于革兰氏阴性细菌细胞壁最外层的类脂多糖类物质,可刺激炎症反应发生)的刺激下,他们观察到静息星形胶质细胞转变为A1s,后者可以产生大量的炎症因子。另...
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious injury to the central nervous system that causes significant physical and psychological trauma to the patient. SCI includes primary spinal cord injuries and secondary spinal cord injuries. The secondary injury refers to the pathological process or reaction after ...
图4LPS对星形胶质细胞线粒体呼吸功能的影响Figure 4Effects of LPS on mitochondrial respiration function of primary mouse cortical astrocytes. The astrocytes were treated with LPS (100 μg/L) for 24 h, and then the oxyg...
The latest research shows that reactive astrocytes can be polarized to two different phenotypes, A1 and A2 astrocytes. Type A1 astrocytes can secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote neuroinflammation, and type A2 astrocytes can secrete neurotrophic factors and promote tissue repair. This paper ...
different types of reactive astrocytes they termed A1 and A2. A1 astrocytes, which are induced by injury, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative disease, produce proinflammatory molecules. On the other hand, A2 astrocytes secrete molecules that provide neurotrophic support and modulate inflammatory ...
Activated astrocytes have been divided into neurotoxic phenotype (type A1) and neuroprotective phenotype (type A2). Recent studies have shown that A1 astrocytes are widely involved in the occurrence and development of various central nervous system diseases. Therefore, targeted regulation of activated ...
In AD and control cases the numbers of C3 immunopositive ASLCs were greater than those for S100A10 ASLCs in all areas studied. It would appear that the relationship between A1 and A2 astrocytes and their possible role in the pathogenesis of AD is complex and requires more research. 展开 ...
(CNTF) expression by decreasing FOXA2 expression in astrocytes, promoting breast cancer cell growth and brain metastasis progression [120]. In triple-negative breast cancer, FOXA2 promotes cell proliferation, maintains cancer stem cells, facilitates the development of triple-negative basal-like tumors,...
Adenosine A1 receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase C in cultured astrocytes depends on the level of receptor expression. J Neurosci 1997; 17: 4956–64. CAS PubMed Google Scholar Gebicke-Haerter PJ, Christoffel F, Timmer J et al. Both adenosine A1- and A2-receptors are required to ...