Yet, the evidence is gained largely through the analysis of blood samples, and our knowledge on the role of Tfh cells in influenza vaccination is still largely limited to the generation of antigen-specific plasmablasts. Recently, influenza vaccination was shown to induce the expansion of two ...
There is a long-standing assumption that naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are largely homogeneous populations despite the extraordinary diversity of their T cell receptors (TCR). The self-immunopeptidome plays a key role in the selection of the naive T cell repertoire in the thymus, and self-pept...
programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 and 2 (PD-L1 and –L2), belong to complex regulation systems that are physiologically involved in fine tuning the immune response and in the prevention of autoimmune reactions [1]. However, the same mechanisms can...
Dual function of Langerhans cells in skin TSLP-promoted Tfh cell differentiation in mouse atopic dermatitis Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is among the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases, usually occurring early in life, and often preceding other a... PM A,RW A,JSM A,... - 《...
transcribing HIV RNA but do not produce infectious virus particles [3,29]. A question then arises of whether the active reservoir is a true reservoir, in other words how would such cells persist for a long time and escape immune-mediated killing. One simple possibility is that no viral ...
Type I IFN plays a crucial role in CD4+ T cells differentiation and antiviral response [25]. Dendritic cells are a necessary element to induce type I IFN-dependent polarization of CD4+ T cells into follicular helper T cells (Tfh), vital for immune humoral responses against viral infections [...
of JAK2. Tofacitinib can bind to the gamma co-chain of receptors for cytokines such as IL-2, 4, 7, and 9, which are necessary for activating T cells. The drug was shown to be effective in mouse models of heart transplantation, demonstrating the crucial role that T cells play in ...
The fundamental mechanisms for forming the interfacial configuration in terms of the lattice mismatch and the strength of interface bonding are discussed. Heterophase interfaces play an important role in determining the physical properties of materials from multiple aspects1–9. For example, it is well...
, 8.. The main reason for viraemic rebound after cART cessation is believed to be the presence of stable reservoirs of HIV-1 provirus in resting CD4 T cells, even in patients on long-term cART 9., 10., 11.. The main focus of recent research has been towards eliminating viral ...
The biology of these differences has been explored: one explanation is the number of X chromosomes and genetic variants on the X chromosome66, 67, 68; another important etiological explanation is the role of estrogen in SLE. Estrogen's primary effects are mediated by transcription activity of ...