OSI模型的数据链路层(Data Link Layer)(即第2层)负责为数据包添加头和尾,为数据包可以转换为适合于局域网和广域网线路传输的二进制格式做准备。第2层可以分为两个功能子层,上子层是逻辑链路控制(Logical Link Control,LLC)子层,并在IEEE 802.2规范中定义,它与数据链路层之上的网络层(NetworkLayer)通信。LLC...
The application layer is the seventh layer in the OSI model. Though the name might be deceiving, it’s not an actual application; rather, it’s a component within an application that manipulates information. It’s essentially designed to provide network services to the end user. Users can tra...
The Presentation Layer, also known as the syntax layer, is responsible for translating data between the application layer and the network format. It ensures that data sent from the application layer of one system is readable by the application layer of another system. This layer handles data form...
As it moves down the OSI Model, each layer adds its own header and possibly trailer information to the data. Data Transmission: The data, now structured into frames or packets, is transmitted from the sender's physical layer over the physical medium to the receiver's physical layer. ...
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The physical layer is the first and, therefore, the bottommost layer of the OSI model. It allows for physical connections to be created, monitored and deactivated. What is the OSI model? The OSI model is a reference model that defines standards for communication between two systems. The ...
In this article, gain an understanding of what the transport layer is and how it functions, as well as its two essential protocols, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). What is the transport layer? The transport layer is the fourth layer in the OSI model, ...
The application layer sits at Layer 7, the top of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communications model. It ensures an application can effectively communicate with other applications on different computer systems and networks. The application layer is not an application. Instead, it is a compo...
An SSL VPN is a type of virtual private network (VPN) that uses the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol -- or, more often, its successor, the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol -- in standard web browsers to provide secure,remote access VPN capability. ...
Running at the data link layer, IS-IS has strong anti-attack capabilities and can implement interworking on large-scale networks.Contents Why Do We Need IS-IS? What Are the Basic Concepts of IS-IS? How Is an IS-IS Neighbor Relationship Established? How Are LSDBs Synchronized? How Is ...