What are the two main neurotransmitters released from the neurons found in the cortex of the brain? How do neurons capture memory information and send it to be stored? What types of neurons are used for thinking? What portion of the brain seems to be responsible for the process of rememberin...
Predict what would happen if the calcium ion channels in the axon terminal were blocked. Explain What is mineral bioavailability? What type of gates does ACh binding open? Where is the thalamus located and what is its role? What is the Fick's formula for CO?
Sure, there appear to be plenty of electron currents flowing through and between proteins in the inner membranes of mitochondria deep inside of neurons (some say up to 50 amps for the whole body), but these currents have nothing to do with action potential propagation. Spikes are multifaceted ...
The presynaptic tests that showed a difference had to do with measuring the rate of calcium influx into the active zone and the number of channels through which that calcium reaches the active zone. Calcium ions stimulate the vesicles to fuse to the membrane of the presynaptic cell, allowing ne...
Safinamide, a selective, reversible MAO-B inhibitor that also reduces glutamate release by blocking voltage-dependent sodium channels and modulating calcium channels, was approved in 2015 as add-on therapy to levodopa in advanced PD patients with motor fluctuations. There is evidence to suggest that ...
The patch-clamp technique allows the investigation of a small set or even single ion channels[7]. Thus, it is of special interest in the research of excitable cells, such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, and muscle fibers[8]. A single ion channel conducts around 10 million ions per second. Yet...
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) refers to a spectrum of disorders characterized by inflammatory processes affecting the brain tissue and originating from an immune-mediated pathophysiological mechanism targeting neurons [1, 2]. The reported incidence ranges from 3/million to 8/million person-years in epidem...
Exactly how this occurs is not under- stood, but it does appear that lamotrigine may affect high-voltage ac- tivated calcium channels in addition to sodium channels. The mech- anism of action of valproate is still poorly understood. There is evidence that it can also interact with sodium ...
The nervous system is a combination of many neurons within the body that communicate over long distances via electrical signals called action potentials. These signals pass through the central and peripheral nervous systems so that the brain can control the body, and becomes aware of sensations that...
What exact effects do drugs have on neurons? Do they just make them slower/faster or is there more to it? What are things that can disrupt neurotransmitter? What are the effects of that disruption? How does MDMA differ from the other amphetamines in terms of its...