there are efforts to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using a checkpoint inhibitor in combination with another checkpoint inhibitor or another therapy type. For example, the combination of the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab and the CTLA-4 inhibitor ipilimumabis approved for ...
Currently, monoclonal antibodies targeting the interleukins (IL-5, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-33) or their receptors are being investigated in patients with COPD belonging in T2-high endotype. This review focuses on the mechanisms of eosinophilia in COPD, the effects of eosinophilia on disease ...
2019). Different GLP-1 receptor agonists are currently evaluated with exenatide being the most advanced. Exenatide-PD3 (NCT04232969) will investigate an extended-release formulation of subcutaneous exenatide over 2 years in PD patients with differences in MDS-UPDRS part III as primary outcome. ...
On the other hand, opioid agonists are promising agents for the treatment of aggressive behaviors in non-addicted patients, too. In another of our studies, we demonstrated the following characteristics of violent HUD patients entering AOT [164]. We evaluated the violent behavior of 252 heroin-...
Our proposed strategies for the treatment of NAFLD are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Proposed therapeutic strategies for NAFLD. AHA—American Heart Association; CMA—combined metabolic activator; FLiO—Fatty Liver in Obesity; UDCA—ursodeoxycholic acid. Supplementary Materials The following supporting ...
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Currently, adjuvants such as aluminium salts, Toll-like receptor agonists, liposomes, immunostimulating complexes (ISCOM), and CPG motifs synergistically induce a potent immune response80. However, there are some emerging issues with the addition of adjuvants. For example, the uniformity of aluminium...
It has been established for several decades that extracellular adenosine is an important modulator of physiological and pathological processes that can be safely targeted by adenosine receptor agonists or antagonists. Experimental studies have clarified the biological functions of four adenosine receptors, whi...
Other randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving antivirals (namely remdesivir, lopinavir, and ritonavir), convalescent immune or recovery plasma/sera, and developing humanized monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV2 infection (including tocilizumab, an IL6 receptor antagonist) are all under study43,...
IL-1β Animal: NAFLD rats express similar IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in liver and in muscle[64] Human: TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β blood levels are ↑ in NAFLD and NASH[68,69] TGF-β1 In vitro: IL-17 and FFA induce IL-6 in hepatocytes and IL-6, with TGF-β1, enhanc...