A Dozen Years of Discovery: Insights into the Physiology and Pharmacology of FGF21 Since then, FGF21 analogs have advanced all the way to clinical trials, and much progress has been made in understanding FGF21's pharmacology and physiology. In this Perspective, we highlight some of the interes...
there remain limitations and theoretical gaps in our current understanding of the intricate relationship between microbes and humans. In this narrative review, we integrate the knowledge and insights from various fields, including anatomy, physiology, immunology, histology,...
Recent studies have revealed the important role of EVs in reproduction and have expanded our knowledge regarding reproductive physiology and pathology. However, many specific functions and mechanisms of EVs are still unclear, and further research is urgently needed. For men, EVs in the semen have ...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease that causes painful swelling and permanent damage to the joints in the body. The molecular mechanisms of OA are currently unknown. OA is a heterogeneous disease that affects the entire joint, and multiple tissues are altered during ...
Further, abnormal motor physiology, cognitive dysfunction, REM sleep disorders, autonomic dysfunction, loss of olfaction, and speech disturbances can, collectively be used to screen for PD [8]. Overall, expanding our knowledge of PD, combined with analyses of the pre-clinical and clinical symptoms,...
Physiology of cholangiocytes Compr Physiol, 3 (2013), pp. 541-565 CrossrefView in ScopusGoogle Scholar [12] A.C. Cheung, M.J. Lorenzo Pisarello, N.F. LaRusso Pathobiology of biliary epithelia Biochim Biophys Acta, 1864 (2018), pp. 1220-1231 View PDFView articleView in ScopusGoogle ...
Anatomy, physiology and function of the nasal cavities in health and disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1998;29:3–12. doi:10.1016/S0169-409X(97)00058-6 2. Kern RC. Chronic sinusitis and anosmia: pathologic changes in the olfactory mucosa. Laryngoscope. 2000;110:1071–1077. doi:10.1097/ ...
The gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex community of >100 trillion microbial cells known to exist in symbiotic harmony with the host, influencing human physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and immune function [3]. It is known that the intestinal microbiota regulates host cell proliferation and ...
In normal development and physiology, fibroblasts are the major producers of connective tissue ECM, with emerging data indicating that this function is modified with age9,10. They also play a key role in tissue repair and become activated following tissue damage11. During wound healing they can ...
Net to total fragment Host and Symbiont Physiology. At the end stored at − 80 °C until further processing. All coral of the tissue 2w4a-sdraeymtroevaetmd fernotm, saemacphlefsrawgemreenfrtouzseinnginaliwqautiedrNpi2cakn67d. This is fundamentally different from our companion ...