Paradoxically, despite these negative consequences, CIN is one of the hallmarks of cancer found in over 90% of solid tumors and in blood cancers. Furthermore, CIN could endow tumors with enhanced adaptation capabilities due to increased intratumor heterogeneity, thereby facilitating adaptive resistance ...
Two-stage bioprocesses can accommodate this tradeoff through temporal separation of the growth and production phases. The biocatalyst first grows to optimal density; it is then switched to a growth-arrested state during which the product is synthesized. However, a substantial reduction in metabolic ...
Skeletal muscle undergoes atrophy and loss of force during long space missions, when astronauts are persistently exposed to altered gravity and increased ionizing radiation. We previously carried out mass spectrometry-based proteomics from skeletal muscl
List the five phases of aerobic respiration. What are the three major outputs of cellular respiration? (a) What are the similarities in the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis? (b) What are the differences in these 2 processes?
L-Lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH; EC 1.1.1.27) and D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH; EC 1.1.1.28) are responsible for the conversion of pyruvic acid (produced by glycolysis) to L- and D-lactic acid, respectively12,13,14. Studies have shown that the relative catalytic efficiencies of ldhL- ...
The isoenzymic profiles of α-amylases showed marked variations in these two phases. The key enzymes of glycolysis, TCA cycle and PPP, viz. aldolase, succinic dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were increased even before the ...
In case of major hyperglycemia, glucose passively enters the hepatocytes via GLUT 2 (insulin-independent glucose transporter) and is rapidly converted to glucose-6P by glucokinase; High insulin administration results in the transformation of glucose-6P into glycogen by glycogen synthesis [5,6]. This...
Five pens of each strain were randomly assigned to a drug-free low-protein (LP) diet (19 and 17% CP for the starter and grower phases, respectively) or a recommended-protein (RP) diet (22 and 20% CP for the starter and grower phases, respectively; Table 1). The LP grower diet was...
Much research has been conducted using high-dimensional molecular data in an attempt to locate major oncogenic events and therapeutically actionable intervention points and to classify GBM patients into diagnostic and prognostic subgroups5,6,7. The vast majority of these efforts have been confined to ...
. Genome-wide inference of major allele origins inM. domesticafromM. sieversiiin Kazakhstan orM. sylvestrisrevealed that 46% of theM. domesticagenome was probably derived from its progenitorM. sieversiiin Kazakhstan and 21% from its secondary contributorM. sylvestris, while the origin of the ...