barrier (BBB) function and cerebral edema, cell apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, activation of signaling pathways that regulate angiogenesis, endothelial disfunction, and suppression of signaling pathways responsible for maintaining the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) [3]. Micr...
A paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity with higher plasma-level of endogenous norepinephrine has been observed after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and stroke, resulting in a cardiac dysfunction [2–4]. Transmural myocardial lesions were also reported after brain death in a series of post mortem ...
SAH: Subarachnoid hemorrhage NE: Norepinephrine HSP-70: Heat shock protein 70 UCHL-1: Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 ZO-1: Zonula Occludens-1 vBNST: Ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis AD: Alzheimer’s disease CD68: Cluster of differentiation 68 GFAP: Glial fibrill...
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition characterized by intrusive recollections of the traumatic event, avoidance behaviors, hyper-arousal to event-related cues, cognitive disruption, and mood dysregulation. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence implicates dysfuncti...