Preclinical models of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have advanced theoretical, mechanistic, and pharmacological study of the human condition. "Liking" and "wanting" behaviors reflect core processes underlying several models of AUD. However, the development and application of translational models of these ...
In recent decades, several novel approaches of spinal cord repair have revealed promising findings in animal models. However, for a successful translation of these into a clinical trial in humans the specific conditions pertaining to human spinal cord injuries (SCI) have to be appreciated. Firstly,...
These animal models are precisely defined in the context of a uniform genotype and a uniform environment but stand in stark contrast to humans, who have a comparatively varied genetic composition, highly variable diet, and exposure to an array of environmental stresses. Well-known structural and ...
Arterial occlusive disease and AAA share some of the same risk factors, but are considered distinct pathologies in humans.26,52 In mice, atherosclerosis in the susceptible portions of the aorta likely plays some role in most of the presented models. This is achieved by either specific knockouts ...
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling was applied to estimate the efficacious dose in humans based on exposures associated with tumor growth inhibition in animal models. The human efficacious dose range was estimated to be between 120 and 480 mg daily [41]. In a clinical dose-escalation study...
Inactivation of androgens by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in humans. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 14, 473–479 (2003). CAS PubMed Google Scholar Shafi, A. A., Yen, A. E. & Weigel, N. L. Androgen receptors in hormone-dependent and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Pharmacol. Ther...
IL-17-producing γδ T cells have proven difficult to find in humans [30,31,60,61,77]. Nonetheless, several pieces of evidence support a local, tissue-resident γδ T cell compartment with cancer immunosurveillance capacity in humans. γδ T cells have been found in multiple human tissues ...
Over the last two decades, a new therapeutic paradigm has emerged which has changed the way debilitating diseases may be treated in the future. Instead of using small-molecule drugs and devices to ameliorate the symptoms of disease, clinicians may harnes
preclinical models to human patients. We then report the latest developments and clinical utilisation of this innovative technology to gain a better understanding of its impact on the management of CNS disorders and injuries in humans. Finally, current challenges and future directions are posed to ...
Translating initial concepts into advanced technologies treating diseases in preclinical models and finally into functional and marketable products for humans can be particularly daunting. While referring to specific ophthalmic companies and products, this review considers key exchanges that lead to successful...