We observed the 'Y'-form initial RNA fork in the initiation state and the complete transcription bubble in the elongation state. These structures reveal that de novo RNA transcription involves three major conformational changes during state transitions. Our results support an ouroboros model for ...
Selection of an appropriate promoter is also a major step in process design. For high-level recombinant protein synthesis in E. coli, the promoter must be strong and inducible, and should exhibit a minimal level of basal transcriptional activity [7]. The pET system (plasmid for expression by ...
Describe the three major steps in DNA replication. Describe the steps of Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). What is PCR and what does it stand for? How does PCR work? Describe a situation where scientists can us PCR to help them save lives. Describe both the situation...
aThe collinearity of genes in the donor loci and the recipient loci showing both prior and post states of FT event in threePapaverspecies supporting the “fusion, translocation” (FT) event leading toSTORRformation at BIA gene cluster. The directions of arrows indicated the chromosome from 5′ t...
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Here we report the first crystal structure of a STAT protein bound to its DNA recognition site at 2.25 resolution. The structure provides insight into the various steps by which STAT proteins deliver a response signal directly from the cell membrane to their target genes in the nucleus. 展开 ...
current spatial transcriptomic profiling either lacks three-dimensional representation or is limited in its ability to capture the complexity of embryonic tissues and organs. Here, we present a spatial transcriptomic atlas of all major organs at embryonic day 13.5 in the mouse embryo, and provide a ...
domains formed later are more involved in active transcription. We carried out similar DI pattern analyses using previously published data for human K562 (ref.11) andDrosophilaS2 cells48. Strikingly, we found even more obvious patterns in human K562 for all the three parameters analyzed (Supplementa...
The Ca2+-sensor protein calmodulin (CaM) is a major regulator of multiple cell functions. A unique and puzzling feature of human, and all so far investigated mammals, is the presence of three distinct CaM genes on different chromosomes, which code for identical proteins. How this case of appa...
The Three Prime Untranslated Region (3′UTR) refers to the specific part of a gene, such as GRM5, that is not translated into protein but plays a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation by interacting with micro RNAs like miR-128a. ...