As these terms multiply and their meanings become more individualized, we lose any common set of criteria for defining what gender distinctions mean. If gender is entirely detached from the binary of biological sex, gender could come to refer to any distinctions in behavior, biological attributes,...
For counterfactual reasoning criteria, exchangeability, the most critical assumption, could not be tested. Using these tools, we concluded that causality was very unlikely in study b, unlikely in study a, and very likely in study c. Directed acyclic graphs provided complementary visual structures ...
they also needed to be nominally significantly associated with ALM without fat mass adjustment. Three microbes,Dorea longicatena (D. longicatena),Coprococcus comes (C. comes), andEubacterium ventriosum (E. ventriosum), fulfilled the criteria for replication using binary and quartile microbial data...
aThe methodology used in the present study (cross-lagged panel design), together with the inclusion of third variables that are potential sources of spuriousness (Time 1 organizational tenure and performance), contributed to strengthen our causality inference, by testing all three necessary criteria (...
This means that the CSS Models offer a more granular analysis of the research object, by means of statistical and multiple criteria analysis methods, whereas the maps focus more on the visual presentation of the results. Over time, the pool of appropriate available data is growing, as is the...
We aim to investigate the efficacy of auricular acupressure (AA) therapy in preventing and relieving AEFI after injection of COVID-19 vaccine. Methods The study design is a randomized, multicentre, three-arm controlled, single-blind trial. Participants meeting the inclusion criteria will be ...
Volatility spillover effects are investigated using the causality-in-variance test developed by Hafner and Herwartz (2006). In order to examine the nature of the relationship between the variables, and whether it changes over time, the time-varying test statistic is estimated using rolling samples...
Interest- ingly, in families with a patient carrying a deletion in 15q13.3, the number of healthy individuals exceeds the number of pa- tients by almost 3 to 1.38 To evaluate a putative contribution to the patient's phenotype, if any, criteria such as cosegregation with the clinical ...
We present a case of PNET in which lymphoma and SCC of hypopharynx simultaneously, and consequently occurred as second and third primary tumor. This work is compliant with the SCARE checklist and has been reported in line with the SCARE criteria [3]. 2. Presentation of case A 51-year-old...
For glaucoma diagnosis, patients had to fulfill the following criteria: (1) glaucomatous optic disc changes (such as localized or diffuse rim thinning, disc hemorrhage, notch in the rim, and vertical cup-to-disc ratio higher than that of the other eye by more than 0.2); (2) RNFL defects...